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مستدرکِ حاکم
Mustadrak al-Hakim
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
ثلاثة يدعون الله فلا يستجاب لهم
Three who call upon Allah but are not answered
Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 3220
اُردوEn
حدثني علي بن حَمْشاذ العدل، حدثنا أبو المثنَّى معاذ بن المثنى بن معاذ بن معاذ العَنبَري، حدثنا أَبي، حدثنا أَبي، حدثنا شعبة، عن فراس، عن الشَّعْبي، عن أبي بُرْدة، عن أبي موسى، عن النبي ﷺ قال: "ثلاثةٌ يَدعُون الله فلا يُستجابُ لهم: رجلٌ كانت تحته امرأةٌ سيئةُ الخُلُق فلم يُطلِّقها، ورجلٌ كان له على رجل مالٌ فلم يُشهِدْ عليه، ورجلٌ آتى سَفيهًا ماله وقد قال الله ﷿: ﴿وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ﴾ [النساء: 5] (1) " (2). هذا إسناد صحيح على شرط الشيخين، ولم يُخرجاه لتوقيف أصحاب شُعْبة هذا الحديثَ على أبي موسى، وإنما أَجمعوا على سَنَدِ حديث شعبة بهذا الإسناد: "ثلاثةٌ يُؤتَونَ أَجرَهم مرَّتين"، وقد اتفقا جميعًا على إخراجه (1).
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 3181 - على شرط البخاري ومسلم ولم يخرجاه
[التعليق - من تلخيص الذهبي] ترقيم العلميه 3181 - على شرط البخاري ومسلم ولم يخرجاه
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are three kinds of people who call upon Allah but are not answered: a man who had an ill-mannered wife in his marriage but did not divorce her; a man who lent money to someone but did not take witnesses over it; and a man who handed over his wealth to a foolish (feeble-minded) person, whereas Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And do not give the foolish your wealth' [Surah Al-Nisa': 5]."
This chain is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), but the two Shaykhs did not record it because the students of Shu'bah narrated this hadith as mawquf (stopping) at Abu Musa al-Ash'ari; whereas they are agreed, with this chain, on the hadith of Shu'bah: "Three people will be given their reward twice," and the two Shaykhs agreed on recording that other hadith.
This chain is sahih (authentic) on the condition of the two Shaykhs (Bukhari and Muslim), but the two Shaykhs did not record it because the students of Shu'bah narrated this hadith as mawquf (stopping) at Abu Musa al-Ash'ari; whereas they are agreed, with this chain, on the hadith of Shu'bah: "Three people will be given their reward twice," and the two Shaykhs agreed on recording that other hadith.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.
(1) من قوله: "وقد قال الله" إلى هنا مكانه في النسخ الخطية بياض، وأُلحق في (ص) بخط مغاير، فأثبتناه منه ومن "تلخيص الذهبي"، وهو موافق لرواية البيهقي في "السنن" 10/ 146 عن المصنف.
Note / Clarification: From his words "وقد قال الله" up to here, there is a blank space in the manuscripts; it was added in manuscript (S) in a different hand, and we have established it from there and from al-Dhahabi's "Talkhis". It agrees with al-Bayhaqi's narration from the author in "al-Sunan" (10/ 146).
(2) صحيح موقوفًا على أبي موسى، فقد اختلُف فيه على شعبة، وأصحابه عَمَدُ الرواية رَوَوْه عنه موقوفًا ومنهم معاذ بن معاذ العَنبَري، فقد رواه عنه ابنه عبيد الله عند ابن المنذر في "الأوسط" (8380) فوقفه مخالفًا أخاه المثنى في رفعه، وعبيدُ الله أحفظ وأتقن من أخيه.
Grading: It is sahih as mawquf on Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him);
Technical note / Defect ('illah): for there was disagreement over it from Shu'bah, and his companions, who are the pillars of the narration, narrated it from him as mawquf. Among them is Mu'adh bin Mu'adh al-Anbari: his son Ubayd Allah narrated it from him, in Ibn al-Mundhir's "al-Awsat" (8380), as mawquf, differing from his brother al-Muthanna who narrated it as marfu'; and Ubayd Allah is a better memoriser and more precise than his brother.
ورواه عن شعبة موقوفًا أيضًا يحيى بن سعيد القطان عند ابن أبي شيبة 6/ 97، ومحمد بن جعفر غندر عند الطبري في "تفسيره" 4/ 246، وعمرو بن مرزوق عند الخرائطي في "مساوئ الأخلاق" (6)، وعثمان بن عمر عند أبي نعيم في "مسانيد أبي يحيى فراس" (29) وذكر بإثره أنَّ رَوْحًا أيضًا -وهو روح بن عبادة- رواه عن شعبة موقوفًا.
Reference / Source: It was also narrated from Shu'bah as mawquf by Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qattan with Ibn Abi Shaybah (6/ 97), Muhammad bin Ja'far Ghundar with al-Tabari in his "Tafsir" (4/ 246), Amr bin Marzuq with al-Khara'iti in "Masawi' al-Akhlaq" (6), and Uthman bin Umar with Abu Nu'aym in "Masanid Abi Yahya Firas" (29); and after it he mentioned that Rawh (Rawh bin Ubadah) also narrated it from Shu'bah as mawquf.
وأما المرفوع فقد أخرجه ابن شاذان في "المشيخة الصغرى" (41)، والبيهقي في "شعب الإيمان" (7681) من طريق أبي بكر محمد بن علي بن الهيثم، عن معاذ بن المثنى بن معاذ العنبري، به.
Reference / Source: As for the marfu' version, Ibn Shadhan recorded it in "al-Mashyakhah al-Sughra" (41) and al-Bayhaqi in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (7681) by way of Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Ali bin al-Haytham, from Mu'adh bin al-Muthanna bin Mu'adh al-Anbari, with the same chain.
ورواه عن شعبة كذلك عمرو بن حكّام عند الطحاوي في "مشكل الآثار" (2530) وأبي نعيم في "مسانيد أبي يحيى فراس" (29)، وداود بن إبراهيم الواسطي عند أبي نعيم أيضًا (29). وداود ثقة، أما عمرو بن حكّام فضعيف بمَرَّة.
Reference / Source: It was narrated from Shu'bah in the same way by Amr bin Hakkam with al-Tahawi in "Mushkil al-Athar" (2530) and Abu Nu'aym in "Masanid Abi Yahya Firas" (29), and by Dawud bin Ibrahim al-Wasiti, also with Abu Nu'aym (29).
Grading: Dawud is thiqah, whereas Amr bin Hakkam is utterly da'if.
وأخرجه مرفوعًا أيضًا ابن عساكر في "تاريخ دمشق" 24/ 190 من طريق إسحاق بن وهب البخاري، عن الصلت بن بَهرام، عن الشعبي به وإسحاق ليس بذاك، قال الخليلي في "الإرشاد" 3/ 954: تَعرِف وتُنكِر.
Reference / Source: Ibn Asakir also recorded it as marfu' in "Tarikh Dimashq" (24/ 190) by way of Ishaq bin Wahb al-Bukhari, from al-Salt bin Bahram, from al-Sha'bi, with the same chain.
Grading: Ishaq is not that reliable (laysa bi-dhaka); al-Khalili said in "al-Irshad" (3/ 954): "Some of his narrations are recognised and some are denounced."
(1) عند البخاري برقم (97) و (3011)، ومسلم برقم (154). ولفظه بتمامه: "ثلاثةٌ يُؤتَون أجرَهم مرّتين: رجل من أهل الكتاب آمن بنبيِّه، وأدرك النبي ﷺ فآمن به واتَّبعه وصدَّقه، فله أَجران، وعبد مملوك أدَّى حقَّ الله تعالى وحقَّ سيّده، فله أَجران، ورجل كانت له أَمَةٍ فغَذَاها فأحسنَ غِذاءَها، ثم أدَّبها فأحسنَ أدبَها، ثم أعتقَها وتزوَّجها، فله أجران".
Reference / Source: It is in al-Bukhari at no. (97) and (3011), and in Muslim at no. (154). Its full wording is: "Three people will be given their reward twice: a man of the People of the Book who believed in his prophet, then lived in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and believed in him, followed him and affirmed him, so he has two rewards; a slave who fulfilled the right of Allah the Exalted and the right of his master, so he has two rewards; and a man who had a slave woman whom he fed and fed well, then taught her manners and taught her well, then freed her and married her, so he has two rewards."
Note / Clarification: From his words "وقد قال الله" up to here, there is a blank space in the manuscripts; it was added in manuscript (S) in a different hand, and we have established it from there and from al-Dhahabi's "Talkhis". It agrees with al-Bayhaqi's narration from the author in "al-Sunan" (10/ 146).
(2) صحيح موقوفًا على أبي موسى، فقد اختلُف فيه على شعبة، وأصحابه عَمَدُ الرواية رَوَوْه عنه موقوفًا ومنهم معاذ بن معاذ العَنبَري، فقد رواه عنه ابنه عبيد الله عند ابن المنذر في "الأوسط" (8380) فوقفه مخالفًا أخاه المثنى في رفعه، وعبيدُ الله أحفظ وأتقن من أخيه.
Grading: It is sahih as mawquf on Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him);
Technical note / Defect ('illah): for there was disagreement over it from Shu'bah, and his companions, who are the pillars of the narration, narrated it from him as mawquf. Among them is Mu'adh bin Mu'adh al-Anbari: his son Ubayd Allah narrated it from him, in Ibn al-Mundhir's "al-Awsat" (8380), as mawquf, differing from his brother al-Muthanna who narrated it as marfu'; and Ubayd Allah is a better memoriser and more precise than his brother.
ورواه عن شعبة موقوفًا أيضًا يحيى بن سعيد القطان عند ابن أبي شيبة 6/ 97، ومحمد بن جعفر غندر عند الطبري في "تفسيره" 4/ 246، وعمرو بن مرزوق عند الخرائطي في "مساوئ الأخلاق" (6)، وعثمان بن عمر عند أبي نعيم في "مسانيد أبي يحيى فراس" (29) وذكر بإثره أنَّ رَوْحًا أيضًا -وهو روح بن عبادة- رواه عن شعبة موقوفًا.
Reference / Source: It was also narrated from Shu'bah as mawquf by Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qattan with Ibn Abi Shaybah (6/ 97), Muhammad bin Ja'far Ghundar with al-Tabari in his "Tafsir" (4/ 246), Amr bin Marzuq with al-Khara'iti in "Masawi' al-Akhlaq" (6), and Uthman bin Umar with Abu Nu'aym in "Masanid Abi Yahya Firas" (29); and after it he mentioned that Rawh (Rawh bin Ubadah) also narrated it from Shu'bah as mawquf.
وأما المرفوع فقد أخرجه ابن شاذان في "المشيخة الصغرى" (41)، والبيهقي في "شعب الإيمان" (7681) من طريق أبي بكر محمد بن علي بن الهيثم، عن معاذ بن المثنى بن معاذ العنبري، به.
Reference / Source: As for the marfu' version, Ibn Shadhan recorded it in "al-Mashyakhah al-Sughra" (41) and al-Bayhaqi in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (7681) by way of Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Ali bin al-Haytham, from Mu'adh bin al-Muthanna bin Mu'adh al-Anbari, with the same chain.
ورواه عن شعبة كذلك عمرو بن حكّام عند الطحاوي في "مشكل الآثار" (2530) وأبي نعيم في "مسانيد أبي يحيى فراس" (29)، وداود بن إبراهيم الواسطي عند أبي نعيم أيضًا (29). وداود ثقة، أما عمرو بن حكّام فضعيف بمَرَّة.
Reference / Source: It was narrated from Shu'bah in the same way by Amr bin Hakkam with al-Tahawi in "Mushkil al-Athar" (2530) and Abu Nu'aym in "Masanid Abi Yahya Firas" (29), and by Dawud bin Ibrahim al-Wasiti, also with Abu Nu'aym (29).
Grading: Dawud is thiqah, whereas Amr bin Hakkam is utterly da'if.
وأخرجه مرفوعًا أيضًا ابن عساكر في "تاريخ دمشق" 24/ 190 من طريق إسحاق بن وهب البخاري، عن الصلت بن بَهرام، عن الشعبي به وإسحاق ليس بذاك، قال الخليلي في "الإرشاد" 3/ 954: تَعرِف وتُنكِر.
Reference / Source: Ibn Asakir also recorded it as marfu' in "Tarikh Dimashq" (24/ 190) by way of Ishaq bin Wahb al-Bukhari, from al-Salt bin Bahram, from al-Sha'bi, with the same chain.
Grading: Ishaq is not that reliable (laysa bi-dhaka); al-Khalili said in "al-Irshad" (3/ 954): "Some of his narrations are recognised and some are denounced."
(1) عند البخاري برقم (97) و (3011)، ومسلم برقم (154). ولفظه بتمامه: "ثلاثةٌ يُؤتَون أجرَهم مرّتين: رجل من أهل الكتاب آمن بنبيِّه، وأدرك النبي ﷺ فآمن به واتَّبعه وصدَّقه، فله أَجران، وعبد مملوك أدَّى حقَّ الله تعالى وحقَّ سيّده، فله أَجران، ورجل كانت له أَمَةٍ فغَذَاها فأحسنَ غِذاءَها، ثم أدَّبها فأحسنَ أدبَها، ثم أعتقَها وتزوَّجها، فله أجران".
Reference / Source: It is in al-Bukhari at no. (97) and (3011), and in Muslim at no. (154). Its full wording is: "Three people will be given their reward twice: a man of the People of the Book who believed in his prophet, then lived in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and believed in him, followed him and affirmed him, so he has two rewards; a slave who fulfilled the right of Allah the Exalted and the right of his master, so he has two rewards; and a man who had a slave woman whom he fed and fed well, then taught her manners and taught her well, then freed her and married her, so he has two rewards."
Source: Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn (Takhrij & Tahqiq: Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.), Page: 3220
