المعجم الكبير للطبراني
Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (Tabarani)
مسند النساء
The Female Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)
باب تأويل قوله ولا يأتل أولو الفضل منكم والسعة الآية
Interpretation of the words of Allah: "And let not those of virtue and wealth among you swear" (the verse)
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حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، ثنا وَرْقَاءُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكُمْ وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} ، قَالَ: " كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَنْفَعَ يَتِيمًا فِي حِجْرِهِ أَشَاعَ ذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي فِي عَائِشَةَ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، قَالَ: أَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لِي وَلَأَكُونَنَّ لَهُ خَيْرًا مِمَّا كُنْتُ "
Mujahid said concerning this verse: "And let not those among you who are endowed with grace and means swear that they will not give to relatives, the poor and those who emigrated in the cause of Allah; let them pardon and overlook. Do you not love that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful": Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had sworn that he would not benefit an orphan raised under his guardianship, who had spread that talk about Sayyidah Aishah. When this verse was revealed, he said: I love that Allah should forgive me, and I will be even better to him than I was before.
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَوْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ} ، قَالَ: " أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَلَفَ لَا يَنْفَعُ يَتِيمًا كَانَ فِي حِجْرِهِ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ: هُوَ مِسْطَحُ بْنُ أُثَاثَةَ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَشَاعَ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكُمْ} [النور: ٢٢] ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: بَلَى أَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لِي، وَأَكُونُ لِلْيَتَامَى خَيْرًا مِمَّا كُنْتُ "
Mujahid said concerning this verse: "And let not those among you who are endowed with grace and means swear": Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had sworn that he would not benefit an orphan who was raised under his guardianship. Abd al-Malik said: He was Mistah bin Uthathah bin Abbad bin al-Muttalib, who had spread that talk. When this verse was revealed: "Do you not love that Allah should forgive you?" [Surah al-Nur: 22], Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes indeed, I love that Allah should forgive me, and I will be even better to the orphans than I was before.
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْغَنِيِّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: " {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ} [النور: ٢٢] «يُرِيدُ وَلَا يَحْلِفُ» ، {أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَة} «يُرِيدُ وَلَا يَحْلِفُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ عَلَى مِسْطَحِ بْنِ أُثَاثَةَ» ، {أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا} [النور: ٢٢] «فَقَدْ جَعَلْتُ فِيكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ الْفَضْلَ، وَجَعَلْتُ عِنْدَكَ السَّعَةَ وَالْمَعْرِفَةَ بِاللهِ وَمَعْرِفَةَ الرَّحِمِ، فَتَعَطَّفْ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ فَلَهُ قَرَابَةٌ وَلَهُ هِجْرَةٌ وَمَسْكَنَةٌ وَمَشَاهِدُ رَضِيتُهَا مِنْهَا بَدْرًا» ، {أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكُمْ} [النور: ٢٢] «يُرِيدُ فَاغْفِرْ لمِسْطَحٍ» ، {وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [البقرة: ٢١٨] «يُرِيدُ فَإِنِّي غَفُورٌ لِمَنْ أَخْطَأَ رَحِيمٌ بِأَوْلِيَائِي»
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "And let not swear" [Surah al-Nur: 22], that is, let not take an oath, "those among you who are endowed with grace and means", that is, let not Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) swear that he will not spend on Mistah bin Uthathah, "that they will not give to relatives, the poor and those who emigrated in the cause of Allah; let them pardon and overlook" [Surah al-Nur: 22]: I (Allah) have placed grace in you, O Abu Bakr, and have given you means, knowledge of Allah and recognition of the ties of kinship; so, O Abu Bakr, be kind to Mistah, for he is a relative, he has the honour of emigration and poverty, and he has taken part in battles which I accepted, among them Badr. "Do you not love that Allah should forgive you?" [Surah al-Nur: 22], that is, so forgive Mistah. "And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful" [Surah al-Baqarah: 218], that is, I am Forgiving towards the one who errs and Merciful to My friends.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نَاجِيَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ، ثنا أَبِي سَعْدِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَمِّي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوَقِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ} الْآيَةَ، قَالَ: " كَانَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ رَمَوْا عَائِشَةَ بِالْقَبِيحِ، وَأَفْشَوْا بِهِ وَتَكَلَّمُوا بِهِ، وَأَقْسَمَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَمِنْهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ لَا يَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ تَكَلَّمَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا وَلَا يَصِلُهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا يُقْسِمُ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يَصِلُوا أَرْحَامَهُمْ، وَأَنْ يُعْطُوهُمْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ كَالَّذِي كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَمَرَ اللهُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَأَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ "
Atiyyah al-Awfi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), in the explanation of this saying of Allah Almighty: "And let not those among you who are endowed with grace and means swear" [al-Nur: 22], he said: Some of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had accused Sayyidah Aishah of something foul, spread it and talked about it. So some of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) swore, among them Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), that they would neither give charity to anyone who had said anything about this nor maintain ties with him. So Allah Almighty said: Let not those among you who are endowed with grace and means swear that they will not maintain ties with their relatives and will not give them from their wealth as they used to do before that. Allah commanded them to forgive them and to pardon them.
حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ النَّرْسِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ} - إِلَى قَوْلِهِ - {وَالْمَسَاكِينَ} [النور: ٢٢] ، يَقُولُ: " لَا يَحْلِفُ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى - إِلَى قَوْلِهِ - {غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [البقرة: ١٧٣] ، نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالَ لَهُ مِسْطَحٌ، كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَرَابَةٌ، وَكَانَ يَتِيمًا فِي حِجْرِهِ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ أَذَاعَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ مَا أذاعَ، فَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ بَرَاءَتَهَا وَعُذْرَهَا آلَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ لَا يَرْزَأَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَمَا تُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكَ؟، قَالَ: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَاعْفُ وَتَجَاوَزْ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لَا جَرَمَ، لَا أَمْنَعُهُ مَعْرُوفًا كُنْتُ أُولِيهِ إِيَّاهُ قَبْلَ الْيَوْمِ "
Qatadah said concerning this verse: "And let not those among you who are endowed with grace and means swear" up to "the poor" [Surah al-Nur: 22], he said: Let not those among you who are endowed with grace and means swear that they will give to relatives, up to "Forgiving, Merciful" [Surah al-Baqarah: 173]. This verse was revealed about a man of Quraysh called Mistah, who was related to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and was an orphan under his guardianship, and he was among those who spread about Sayyidah Aishah what they spread. When Allah revealed her innocence and her vindication, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) swore that he would not give him any benefit. So it was said to him: Do you not love that Allah should forgive you? He said: Yes indeed. It was said: Then pardon and overlook. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Certainly, I will not withhold from him the kindness I used to show him before this.
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ بْنِ السَّرْحِ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ: {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ} [النور: ٢٢] يَعْنِي: وَلَا يَحْلِفْ، {أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ} يَعْنِي: فِي الْغِنَى، {وَالسَّعَةِ} [النور: ٢٢] فِي الرِّزْقِ، يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ، {وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا} [النور: ٢٢] يَعْنِي: وَيَتَجَاوَزُوا عَنْ مِسْطَحٍ، {أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى} [النور: ٢٢] مِسْطَحَ بْنَ أُثَاثَةَ فَإِنَّهُ قَرَابَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ابْنُ خَالَتِهِ، لِأَنَّ مِسْطَحًا كَانَ فَقِيرًا، {وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ} [النور: ٢٢] لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، {أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ} [النور: ٢٢] يَعْنِي: أَبَا بَكْرٍ، {أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكُمْ وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [النور: ٢٢] يَعْنِي: غَفُورٌ لِلذُّنُوبِ رَحِيمٌ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: «أَمَا تُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكَ؟» ، قَالَ: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قَالَ: «فَاعْفُ وَاصْفَحْ» ، قَالَ: قَدْ عَفَوْتُ وَصَفَحْتُ لَا أَمْنَعُهُ مَعْرُوفًا بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ
Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said in the explanation of this saying of Allah Almighty: "And let not swear" [al-Nur: 22], that is, let them not take an oath, "those among you who are endowed with grace", that is, in wealth, "and means" [al-Nur: 22], in provision, meaning Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him); "and let them pardon and overlook" [al-Nur: 22], that is, let them overlook Mistah; "that they give to relatives" [al-Nur: 22], that is, Mistah bin Uthathah, who was a relative of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), the son of his maternal aunt, because Mistah was poor; "and those who emigrated in the cause of Allah" [al-Nur: 22], because he was one of the Muhajirun; "Do you not love" [al-Nur: 22], that is, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), "that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful" [al-Nur: 22], that is, Forgiving of sins, Merciful to the believers. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): "Do you not love that Allah should forgive you?" He said: Yes indeed, O Messenger of Allah! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then pardon and overlook." He said: I have pardoned and overlooked; after today I will not withhold my kindness from him.
