المعجم الكبير للطبراني
Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (Tabarani)
مسند النساء
The Female Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)
باب تأويل قوله إن الذين يرمون المحصنات الغافلات المؤمنات لعنوا في الدنيا والآخرة الآية
Interpretation of the words of Allah: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women are cursed in this world and the Hereafter" (the verse)
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حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ قَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ} [النور: ٢٣] كُلُّ مَنْ قَذَفَ مُحْصَنَةً لَعَنَهُ اللهُ، قَالَ: «لَا إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي شَأْنِ عَائِشَةَ»
Khusayf (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked Sa'id bin Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) about this saying of Allah Almighty: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women are cursed in this world and the Hereafter" [al-Nur: 23]: Does Allah curse everyone who accuses a chaste woman? He said: "No, this verse was revealed specifically concerning the matter of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her)."
حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يَحْيَى الْحِمَّانِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ: أَيُّمَا أَشَدُّ الزِّنَا أَوْ قَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَةِ؟، قَالَ: «الزِّنَا» ، قُلْتُ: اللهُ يَقُولُ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النور: ٢٣] ، قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَ هَذَا فِي عَائِشَةَ خَاصَّةً»
Khusayf narrated: I asked Sa'id bin Jubayr: Which is graver (as a sin), adultery or accusing a chaste woman? He said: Adultery. I said: But Allah says: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women" [Surah al-Nur: 23]. He said: This was revealed specifically about Sayyidah Aishah.
حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ بْنِ السَّرْحِ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ} [النور: ٢٣] ، يَعْنِي: «إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَقْذِفُونَ بِالزِّنَا - يَعْنِي لِفُرُوجِهِنَّ عَفَائِفَ» ، {الْغَافِلَاتِ} [النور: ٢٣] يَعْنِي: «عَنِ الْفَوَاحِشِ - يَعْنِي عَائِشَةَ -» ، {الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النور: ٢٣] يَعْنِي: «الصَّادِقَاتِ» ، {لُعِنُوا} [النور: ٢٣] يَعْنِي: «عُذِّبُوا وَجُلِدُوا ثَمَانِينَ» ، {فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ} [النور: ٢٣] يَعْنِي: " عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ ابْنَ سَلُولَ يُعَذَّبُ بِالنَّارِ لِأَنَّهُ مُنَافِقٌ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ، قَالَ: جَلَدَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَسَّانَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ، وَمِسْطَحًا، وَحَمْنَةَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً فِي قَذْفِ عَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ، غَيْرَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ مَاتَ عَلَى نِفَاقِهِ "
Sa'id bin Jubayr said: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste women" [Surah al-Nur: 23], that is, those who make accusations of adultery, meaning against women chaste in their private parts; "unaware" [Surah al-Nur: 23], that is, unaware of indecencies, meaning Sayyidah Aishah; "believing" [Surah al-Nur: 23], that is, truthful; "are cursed" [Surah al-Nur: 23], that is, they were punished and given eighty lashes; "in this world and the Hereafter" [Surah al-Nur: 23], that is, Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul will be punished with the Fire because he is a hypocrite; for him is a great punishment. He said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave Hassan bin Thabit, Abdullah bin Ubayy, Mistah and Hamnah bint Jahsh eighty lashes each for slandering Sayyidah Aishah. Then they all repented after that, except Abdullah bin Ubayy, who was one of the hypocrites and died upon his hypocrisy.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ نُبَيْطٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، قَالَ: " نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النور: ٢٣] " الْآيَةَ
Al-Dahhak bin Muzahim said: This verse was revealed specifically concerning the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women" [Surah al-Nur: 23], to the end of the verse.
حَدَّثَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ النَّرْسِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، قَالَ: ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [النور: ٢٣] ، قَالَ: " أُنْزِلَتْ فِي شَأْنِ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا
Qatadah said concerning this verse: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment" [Surah al-Nur: 23], he said: It was revealed concerning the matter of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her).
حَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، قَالَ: ثنا عَبْدُ الْغَنِيِّ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ} [النور: ٢٣] ، «يُرِيدُ الْعَفَائِفَ» ، {الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النور: ٢٣] «يُرِيدُ الْمُصَدِّقَاتِ بِتَوْحِيدِ اللهِ وَبِرُسُلِهِ» ، {لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [النور: ٢٣] «يُرِيدُ أُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ»
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste women" [Surah al-Nur: 23]: what is meant is virtuous women. "Unaware, believing" [Surah al-Nur: 23]: what is meant is women who affirm the Oneness of Allah and His messengers. "Are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment" [Surah al-Nur: 23]: what is meant is that I will expel them from faith.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نَاجِيَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ، ثنا أَبِي سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَمِّي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوَقِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: " {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [النور: ٢٣] ، يَعْنِي: «أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَمَاهُمْ أَهْلُ النِّفَاقِ، فَأَوْجَبَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةَ وَالْغَضَبَ، وَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللهِ، فَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ فِي أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ»
Atiyyah al-Awfi narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) concerning this verse: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment" [Surah al-Nur: 23]: that is, the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), whom the hypocrites targeted with slander; so Allah made curse and wrath binding upon them (the hypocrites), and they incurred the wrath of Allah. All of this is about the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ حِسَابٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، فِي قَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ. الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا} [النور: ٢٣] «إِنَّمَا عُنِيَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ رَمَى امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَهُوَ فَاسِقٌ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ، أَوْ يَتُوبُ»
Al-Kalbi said concerning this verse: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women are cursed" [Surah al-Nur: 23]: What is meant by this verse is specifically the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). As for one who accuses an ordinary woman among the Muslims, he is a sinner (fasiq), as Allah has said, or else he repents.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الصَّائِغُ الْمَكِّيُّ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: أنا الْعَوَّامُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ، ثنا شَيْخٌ، مِنْ بَنِي كَاهِلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ النُّورِ فَفَسَّرَهَا، فَلَمَّا أَتَى عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [النور: ٢٣] ، قَالَ: «هَذِهِ فِي عَائِشَةَ وَأَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ تَوْبَةً، وَجَعَلَ لِمَنْ رَمَى امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ التَّوْبَةَ» ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ} [النور: ٤] «فَجَعَلَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ تَوْبَةً» ، {إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [آل عمران: ٨٩] «فَجَعَلَ لِمَنْ قَذَفَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ التَّوْبَةَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِمَنْ قَذَفَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَوْبَةً» ، ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [النور: ٢٣] «فَهَمَّ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ أَنْ يَقُومَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لَيُقَبِّلَ رَأْسَهُ بِحُسْنِ مَا فَسَّرَ»
A shaykh of Banu Kahil narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he recited Surah al-Nur and explained it. When he reached this verse: "Indeed, those who accuse chaste, unaware, believing women are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment" [al-Nur: 23], he said: "This is about Sayyidah Aishah and the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Allah has not provided any repentance for one who does that, while He has provided repentance for one who accuses any believing woman other than the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." Then he recited this verse: "And those who accuse chaste women and then do not bring four witnesses, flog them with eighty lashes and never accept their testimony, and it is they who are the sinners" [al-Nur: 4], "So He provided repentance for these," "except those who repent after that and reform, for indeed Allah is Forgiving, Merciful" [Al Imran: 89], "So He provided repentance for one who accuses a believing woman, and provided no repentance for one who accuses one of the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." Then he recited this verse: "They are cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and for them is a great punishment" [al-Nur: 23]. Some of the people then wanted to get up and go to Ibn Abbas to kiss his head for his beautiful explanation.
