Sad bin Muadh al-Ansari, then al-Ashhali (may Allah be pleased with him), a veteran of Badr and Uhud; his kunyah was Abu Amr; martyred at the Battle of the Trench

Urwah relates that among the Ansar who took part in Badr is the name of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh bin al-Nu'man bin Imru' al-Qays bin Zayd bin Abd al-Ashhal (may Allah be pleased with him).

Ibn Shihab relates that among the Ansar who took part in Badr, of Banu al-Nabit, then of Banu Abd al-Ashhal, is the name of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh bin al-Nu'man bin Imru' al-Qays (may Allah be pleased with him).

Muhammad bin Ishaq relates that among the Ansar who took part in Badr, then of Banu Abd al-Ashhal, is the name of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh bin al-Nu'man bin Imru' al-Qays bin Zayd bin Abd al-Ashhal bin Jusham bin al-Harith bin al-Khazraj bin Amr bin Awf bin Malik bin al-Aws (may Allah be pleased with him).

Al-Majishun relates that Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Except in three things, I am weak (in every matter): I never heard anything from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) but I was certain that it was the truth; I never offered a prayer in which I let any other thought enter my mind until I finished it; and I never followed a funeral while letting any thought enter my mind other than what the deceased says and what is said to it.

Abu Salamah relates that Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: There are three qualities in me: whatever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) narrated, I affirmed it and knew that it was the truth; I never attended a deceased person but I occupied my heart with reflecting on what it says and what is said to it; and I never offered a prayer in which I let any other thought enter my mind until I completed my prayer.

Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) relates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning the matter of Banu Qurayzah. Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) came riding a donkey, on which his feet nearly touched the ground. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him, he said to his Companions: "Stand up for your chief." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "These people have agreed to your judgement, so judge concerning them." He said: I judge concerning them that their fighting men be killed and their offspring be taken captive. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have judged according to the judgement of Allah and the judgement of the King (that is, Allah)."

Sa'd bin Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father, from his grandfather (Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him)), who said: We were sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) came, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is your chief."

It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) was struck by an arrow in his forearm vein (akhal) on the day of the Trench, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had a tent pitched for him in the mosque so that he could visit him from nearby. He began to recover until his wound was close to healing. Thereupon he supplicated: O Allah! You know that there was no people I loved fighting more than the people who denied Your Prophet, drove him out, fought him, and did what they did. And I think that You have ended the war between us and them. O Allah! If You have left any war remaining between us and them, then keep me alive to fight them,

Then one night his wound suddenly burst open and blood began to flow, until it entered the tent beside him. One of the people of the tent asked: O people of the tent! What is this that is coming towards us from your side? They looked, and saw that Sa'd's (may Allah be pleased with him) wound had burst open and the blood was gushing out; then he passed away.

Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) was struck by an arrow on the day of Banu Qurayzah and Banu al-Nadir, and his forearm vein (akhal) was severed, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) cauterised it. At that he became restless and writhed, so he cauterised it a second time. Then Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Allah! Do not take my soul until You have cooled my eyes concerning Banu Qurayzah and Banu al-Nadir.

Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) relates that Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) was struck by an arrow on the day of the Trench which severed the vein (akhal) of his arm. People claim that the one who shot him was Hibban bin Qays, one of Banu Amir bin Lu'ayy and then a brother of Banu al-Ariqah, while others say that Abu Usamah al-Jushami shot him. Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) supplicated: O my Lord! Grant me relief from Banu Qurayzah before I die. So the wound, which had burst open, stopped bleeding. The narrator said: the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) remained (besieging) Banu Qurayzah until they asked him to appoint an arbitrator between him and them, to whose judgement they would submit. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Choose whomever you wish from among my Companions, and we will listen to what he says." So they chose Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) agreed to him, and they surrendered and came down. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that their weapons be gathered in a house, and ordered that they be tied up, so they were bound with ropes and kept in the house of Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both). the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent for Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), and he came riding a Bedouin's donkey; it is said that its saddle-pad was made of palm fibre. A man from Banu Abd al-Ashhal walked along with him, and as he walked with him he began to press the claim of Banu Qurayzah, mentioning their alliance and their deeds on the day of Bu'ath, and saying that they had chosen no one but you, hoping that you would show them kindness and gentleness, so spare them, for they are an adornment for you and an increase in numbers. The narrator said: That man insisted a great deal, but Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) gave him no reply, until they drew near. The man said: Will you not give me any reply? Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! In the matter of Allah I do not care about the blame of any blamer. At that the man left him and went to his people, having despaired that Sa'd would spare them, and he told them what he had said to Sa'd and what reply he had received. Then Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) went on until he reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: "O Sa'd! Judge between us and them." Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I judge concerning them that their fighting men be killed, their captives be taken as spoils, their wealth be taken, and their children and women be taken captive. the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Sa'd bin Mu'adh has judged concerning them according to the judgement of Allah." Some people claim that they submitted to the judgement of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he entrusted the judgement concerning them to Sa'd bin Mu'adh. They were brought out group by group and beheaded. Huyayy bin Akhtab was also brought out, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Has Allah disgraced you?" He said: You have prevailed over me, and I do not blame myself regarding you. So by the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) he was taken to Ahjar al-Zayt in the marketplace and beheaded. All of this took place in the presence of Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him). It is said that Sa'd's (may Allah be pleased with him) wound had by then recovered and was close to healing; then he supplicated: O Allah! O Lord of the heavens and the earth! There is no people on earth more hateful to me than the people who denied Your Messenger and drove him out. And I think that You have ended the war between us and them. If any war remains between us and them, then keep me alive so that I may fight them in Your cause; and if You have ended the war between us and them, then open up this place (of the wound) again and make my death in it. So Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, opened it, while he was sleeping at night; the people did not know of it until he died, and the wound did not stop bleeding until he died, may Allah have mercy on him.

Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The mother of Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) began to say: "Alas for Sa'd, how sensible and diligent he was!" the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to her: "Do not say more than this. By Allah! As far as I know, he was sensible in his affairs and strong in the affair of Allah."

Muhammad bin Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) relates: When the bier of Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) was carried, his mother was weeping and saying: "Alas for the mother of Sa'd! How sensible and diligent he was, and a chief who filled the gap (of his people)!" At that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Every woman who weeps (over the dead) lies, except the one who weeps over Sa'd bin Mu'adh."

Alqamah (may Allah have mercy on him) relates: Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) passed away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) began to weep, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) also began to weep, until the weeping of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) could be distinguished from the weeping of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and the weeping of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the weeping of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). I asked Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): Did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also weep? She said: "No, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) was holding his blessed beard."

Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) returned from the funeral of Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), and his (peace and blessings be upon him) tears were dripping onto his (peace and blessings be upon him) blessed beard, and his (peace and blessings be upon him) hand was on his beard.