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قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ : أَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ الرَّبَذِيِّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ قَالَ : إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ عَمٍّ لَهُ ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةً ، فَمَاتَ عَنْهَا ، فَخَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ . فَقَالَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهَا : لَا نَدَعُ ابْنَتَنَا تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُمْ .
فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَتِ الْأُمُّ : أَنَا الْحَامِلُ الْحَاضِنُ وَالْمُرْضِعُ ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ تَخْتَارِينَ ؟ " فَقَالَتْ : أَخْتَارُ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَدَارَ الْإِيمَانِ ، وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تَذْهَبُوا بِهَا مَا دَامَتْ عَيْنِي تَكْلَؤُهَا ، وَلَأَنْ بَقِيتُ لَأَضَعَنَّهَا مَوْضِعًا يُقِرُّ عَيْنَهَا " .
قَالَ : فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهَا : مَنْ تَخْتَارِينَ ؟ فَقَالَتْ مِثْلَ الْقَوْلِ الْأَوَّلِ ، فَقَضَى بِهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِلْأَوْلِيَاءِ ، فَقَامَ بِلَالٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ... فَقَضَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِمَا قَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ ، وَمُنْقَطِعٌ أَيْضًا .
It is narrated from Muhammad bin Ka'b al-Qurazi that a man from the desert married his paternal cousin, and she bore him a girl. Then the man died, and the woman married a man from the Ansar. The girl's (paternal) guardians said: We will not let our daughter stay with these people. So they brought the dispute before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the mother said: I am the one who carried her, who raised her and who nursed her. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked the woman: "Whom do you choose?" She said: I choose Allah, His Messenger, the Abode of Faith (Madinah) and the Muhajirun and the Ansar. At that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not take her (the girl) away as long as my eye is watching over her; and if I remain alive, I will certainly place her in a position that will be the coolness of her eyes." The narrator said: Then they took the same case to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), and he too asked the woman: Whom do you choose? She gave the same answer she had given before. At first Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled in favour of the guardians regarding the girl, so Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: O Abu Bakr! (That is, he reminded him of the ruling of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).) So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the same ruling that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had given.
Its chain is weak, and it is also munqati' (broken).
Hadith Reference المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية / كتاب الوليمة / 1683
Hadith Grading محدثین: إسناده ضعيف، منقطع
Hadith Takhrij «حکم الحدیث المطالب العالیہ محققاً تنسیق د. سعد بن ناصر بن عبد العزيز الشَّثري- مکتبہ شاملہ :قال ابن حجر: هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ ، وَمُنْقَطِعٌ أَيْضًا . »
«أخرجه مصنف ابن أبي شيبة برقم: 19466»
وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، ثَنَا مُجَالِدٌ ، ثَنَا عَامِرٌ ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ : إِنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ طَلَّقَ أُمَّ عَاصِمٍ ، فَمَاتَتْ ، وَبَقِيَ عَاصِمٌ فِي حِجْرِ جَدَّتِهِ ، فَخَاصَمَتْهُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَضَى بِأَنَّ الْوَلَدَ يَكُونُ مَعَ جَدَّتِهِ ، وَالنَّفَقَةَ عَلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ . قَالَ : " هِيَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ ".
It is narrated from Masruq that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had divorced Umm Asim; then she passed away, and Asim remained in the care of his maternal grandmother. So the grandmother brought a case in this matter against Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) before the court of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the ruling that the child would stay with his grandmother and that the responsibility for his maintenance would lie on Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: "She (the grandmother) has a greater right to him."
Hadith Reference المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية / كتاب الوليمة / 1684
Hadith Grading محدثین: إسناده ضعيف، مرسل
Hadith Takhrij «حکم الحدیث المطالب العالیہ محققاً تنسیق د. سعد بن ناصر بن عبد العزيز الشَّثري- مکتبہ شاملہ :مرسل، إسناده ضعيف. »
«أخرجه سنن سعيد بن منصور برقم: 2269، وأخرجه السنن الكبرى للبيهقي برقم: 15865، وأخرجه مصنف عبد الرزاق برقم: 12602، وأخرجه مصنف ابن أبي شيبة برقم: 19465»
وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَافِعِ بْنِ عُجَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : خَرَجَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ، فَقَدِمَتِ ابْنَةُ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا .
فَقَالَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : أَنَا آخُذُهَا وَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا ، ابْنَةُ عَمِّي وَعِنْدِي خَالَتُهَا ، وَإِنَّمَا الْخَالَةُ أُمٌّ ، وَهِيَ أَحَقُّ .
وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : بَلْ أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا ، هِيَ ابْنَةُ عَمِّي ، وَعِنْدِي ابْنَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا . وَإِنِّي لَأَرْفَعُ صَوْتِي لِيَسْمَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حُجَّتِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ .
وَقَالَ زَيْدٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : بَلْ أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا ، خَرَجْتُ إِلَيْهَا وَسَافَرْتُ ، وَجِئْتُ بِهَا .
فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ : " مَا شَأْنُكُمْ ؟ " فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : ابْنَةُ عَمِّي ، وَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا ، وَعِنْدِي ابْنَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، تَكُونُ مَعَهَا أَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهَا .
وَقَالَ جَعْفَرٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، ابْنَةُ عَمِّي ، وَعِنْدِي خَالَتُهَا وَالْخَالَةُ أُمٌّ ، وَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهَا .
وَقَالَ زَيْدٌ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : بَلْ أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا ، خَرَجْتُ إِلَيْهَا ، وَتَجَشَّمْتُ السَّفَرَ وَأَنْفَقْتُ ، فَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا .
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " سَأَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِي هَذَا وَفِي غَيْرِهِ " .
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : فَلَمَّا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَفِي غَيْرِهِ " - قُلْتُ : نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي رَفْعِنَا أَصْوَاتَنَا .
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا زَيْدُ فَمَوْلَايَ وَمَوْلَاهُمَا " . قَالَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : قَدْ رَضِيتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ .
قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا جَعْفَرُ ، فَأَشْبَهْتَ خَلْقِي وَخُلُقِي ، وَأَنْتَ مِنْ شَجَرَتِي الَّتِي خُلِقْتُ مِنْهَا " . قَالَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : رَضِيتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ .
قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا عَلِيُّ فَصَفِيِّي وَأَمِينِي " . قَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْهَادِ : فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " أَنْتَ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْكَ " . قَالَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : رَضِيتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ .
قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَأَمَّا الْجَارِيَةُ فَقَدْ قَضَيْتُ بِهَا لِجَعْفَرٍ ، تَكُونُ مَعَ خَالَتِهَا ، وَالْخَالَةُ أُمٌّ " . قَالُوا : سَلَّمْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Zayd bin Harithah (may Allah be pleased with him) set out for Makkah and brought back (from there) the daughter of Sayyiduna Hamzah bin Abd al-Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with them both). At this Sayyiduna Ja'far bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will take her into my guardianship, and I have the greater right to her, because she is my cousin and her maternal aunt (my wife) is with me; and the truth is that the maternal aunt is of the rank of a mother, so she has the greater right. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Rather, I have the greater right to her; she is my cousin, and with me is the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her)), who has the greatest right to look after her. (Sayyiduna Ali says:) I was raising my voice so that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would hear my argument before he came out. Meanwhile Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I have the greater right to her, because I set out especially for her, travelled, and brought her back. Then, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out, he asked: "What is your matter?" Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: She is my cousin and I have the greatest right to her; moreover, with me is the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who can raise her better than others. Sayyiduna Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, I have the greater right to her; she is my cousin, and her maternal aunt is with me, and the maternal aunt is just like a mother, so she has a greater right than others. And Sayyiduna Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Rather, I have the right to her, because I set out for her sake, endured the hardships of the journey and bore the expenses, so I have the greater right. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will judge between you in this matter and in another matter as well." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said the words "and in another matter," (I became afraid and) I said: This verse of the Qur'an was revealed concerning the raising of our voices: "Do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet" (Surah al-Hujurat: 2). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Zayd, you are my freed slave and theirs as well." He said: O Messenger of Allah, I am content. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "And O Ja'far, you resemble me in both appearance and character, and you are from the same tree from which I was created." He said: O Messenger of Allah, I am content. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "And O Ali, you are my chosen one and my trusted confidant." The narrator Yazid bin al-Had says: When I mentioned this to Abdullah bin Hasan, he told me that he (peace and blessings be upon him) also said: "You are from me and I am from you." At this Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, I am content. Finally, announcing his judgement, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for this girl, I have judged in favour of Ja'far; she will stay with her maternal aunt, because the maternal aunt stands in the place of the mother." On hearing this, all of them said: O Messenger of Allah, we submit.
This blessed hadith establishes the great juristic principle that, in the right of custody (hadanah) of an orphan girl, the maternal aunt is given precedence over other relatives, because in tenderness and motherly love she is the substitute for the mother.
Hadith Reference المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية / كتاب الوليمة / 1685
Hadith Grading محدثین: إسناده ضعيف جدًا، مرسل
Hadith Takhrij «حکم الحدیث المطالب العالیہ محققاً تنسیق د. سعد بن ناصر بن عبد العزيز الشَّثري- مکتبہ شاملہ :مرسل، إسناده ضعيف جدًا. »
«أخرجه سنن أبي داود برقم: 2278، وأخرجه مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد برقم: 14934، وأخرجه السنن الكبرى للنسائي برقم: 8708، وأخرجه شرح مشكل الآثار برقم: 3082، وأخرجه إتحاف الخيرة المهرة بزوائد المسانيد العشرة برقم: 4868»