مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
بَابُ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ .
A Muslim is not killed for a disbeliever
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عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ : قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ رَجُلًا مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، وَكَانَ الْهُذَلِيُّ مُتَوَارِيًا فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْفَتْحِ وَظَهَرَ النِّدَاءُ ظَهَرَ الْهُذَلِيُّ ، فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ فَذَبَحَهُ كَمَا تُذْبَحُ الشَّاةُ .
فَرَفَعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : " أَقَتَلْتَهُ قَبْلَ النِّدَاءِ أَوْ بَعْدَ النِّدَاءِ ؟ " . فَقَالَ : بَعْدَ النِّدَاءِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " لَوْ كُنْتُ قَاتِلًا مُؤْمِنًا بِكَافِرٍ لَقَتَلْتُهُ ، فَأَخْرِجُوا عَقْلَهُ " . فَأَخْرَجُوا عَقْلَهُ ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ عَقْلٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ .
رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَرِجَالُهُ وَثَّقَهُمُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَرَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِاخْتِصَارٍ .
فَرَفَعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : " أَقَتَلْتَهُ قَبْلَ النِّدَاءِ أَوْ بَعْدَ النِّدَاءِ ؟ " . فَقَالَ : بَعْدَ النِّدَاءِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " لَوْ كُنْتُ قَاتِلًا مُؤْمِنًا بِكَافِرٍ لَقَتَلْتُهُ ، فَأَخْرِجُوا عَقْلَهُ " . فَأَخْرَجُوا عَقْلَهُ ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ عَقْلٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ .
رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَرِجَالُهُ وَثَّقَهُمُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَرَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِاخْتِصَارٍ .
Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man of the Hudhayl tribe killed a man of the Khuza'ah tribe in the Jahiliyyah. Then the man of Hudhayl went on living in hiding. On the occasion of the Conquest of Makkah, when the announcement was made (that every killing of the Jahiliyyah is annulled), that man of Hudhayl came out into the open. A man of the Khuza'ah tribe met him and slaughtered him as a goat is slaughtered. The matter was presented to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did you kill him before the announcement or after the announcement?" He said: "After the announcement." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If I were to kill a believer in return for a disbeliever, I would have had him killed. Pay his blood money." So they paid his blood money, and it was the first blood money in Islam.
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and Ibn Hibban declared its narrators thiqat (trustworthy); al-Tabarani recorded it in abridged form.
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and Ibn Hibban declared its narrators thiqat (trustworthy); al-Tabarani recorded it in abridged form.
وَعَنْ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ ، تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ ، لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ " .
قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ غَيْرَ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَنُوبِ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ .
قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ غَيْرَ قَوْلِهِ : لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَنُوبِ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ .
Sayyiduna Ma'qil bin Yasar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The Muslims are as one hand against (people) other than themselves; their blood is of equal standing. A believer shall not be killed in return for a disbeliever, nor shall one under a covenant (dhimmi) be killed while his covenant lasts."
(Allamah Haythami says:) I say:
Ibn Majah also recorded this narration, but he did not record these words: "A believer shall not be killed in return for a disbeliever, nor shall one under a covenant be killed while his covenant lasts."
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains Abd al-Salam bin Abi al-Janub, who is da'if (weak).
(Allamah Haythami says:) I say:
Ibn Majah also recorded this narration, but he did not record these words: "A believer shall not be killed in return for a disbeliever, nor shall one under a covenant be killed while his covenant lasts."
Al-Tabarani recorded it. Its chain contains Abd al-Salam bin Abi al-Janub, who is da'if (weak).
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ وَجَدْتُ فِي قَائِمِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كِتَابَيْنِ : " إِنَّ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عُتُوًّا مَنْ ضَرَبَ غَيْرَ ضَارِبِهِ ، وَرَجُلٌ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ ، وَرَجُلٌ تَوَلَّى غَيْرَ أَهْلِ نِعْمَتِهِ ، فَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا " .
وَفِي الْأَجْرِِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ ، وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ ، لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ ، وَلَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ ، وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا ، وَلَا عَلَى خَالَتِهَا ، وَلَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ ، وَلَا تُسَافِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ مَعَ غَيْرِ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ " .
رَوَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ غَيْرَ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ ، وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَلَمْ يُضَعِّفْهُ أَحَدٌ .
وَفِي الْأَجْرِِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ ، وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ ، لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ ، وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ ، وَلَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ ، وَلَا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا ، وَلَا عَلَى خَالَتِهَا ، وَلَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ ، وَلَا تُسَافِرُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ مَعَ غَيْرِ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ " .
رَوَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ غَيْرَ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَبِي الرِّجَالِ ، وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَلَمْ يُضَعِّفْهُ أَحَدٌ .
Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: In the hilt of the sword of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) I found two writings (in which was written): "The most insolent of people is the one who strikes someone other than the one who struck him, or kills someone other than his killer, and the one who ascribes his clientship (wala') to someone other than his true patron. Whoever does this will be counted as having disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, and Allah Almighty will not accept any obligatory or voluntary worship from him. And in terms of reward, the lives and wealth of all the believers are of equal standing, and even the lowest of them may grant protection on their behalf. A Muslim shall not be killed in return for a disbeliever, nor one under a covenant (dhimmi) while his covenant lasts. People of two different religions will not inherit from one another. A woman shall not be married in addition to her paternal aunt or her maternal aunt. No prayer is to be offered after Asr until the sun sets. And a woman shall not travel for three nights without a mahram."
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except for Malik bin Abi al-Rijal, whom Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy), and no one has declared him da'if (weak).
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except for Malik bin Abi al-Rijal, whom Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy), and no one has declared him da'if (weak).
