مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
بَابُ الْقَسَامَةِ ، وَالْقَتِيلِ يَكُونُ بِأَرْضِ قَوْمٍ
Qasamah, and a slain person found in the land of a people
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عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ : وُجِدَ قَتِيلٌ أَوْ مَيِّتٌ بَيْنَ قَرْيَتَيْنِ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَذَرَعَ مَا بَيْنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ أَيُّهُمَا كَانَ أَقْرَبَ فَوُجِدَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى أَحَدِهِمَا بِشِبْرٍ ، قَالَ : فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى شِبْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَجَعَلَهُ عَلَى الَّذِي كَانَ أَقْرَبَ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْبَزَّارُ ، وَفِيهِ عَطِيَّةُ الْعَوْفِيُّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ .
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man was found between two villages, killed (the narrator is unsure; perhaps the words are:) dead. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave an order, and the distance between the two villages was measured to see which village the man was closer to; he was found to be one hand-span closer to one of the two villages. The narrator said: It is as if I am still looking at the hand-span of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) placed his case upon the people of the (village) to which he was closer.
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Bazzar also recorded it. Its chain contains Atiyyah al-Awfi, who is da'if (weak).
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Bazzar also recorded it. Its chain contains Atiyyah al-Awfi, who is da'if (weak).
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ : كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ فِي الدَّمِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فُقِدَ تَحْتَ اللَّيْلِ ، فَجَاءَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ فَقَالُوا : إِنَّ صَاحِبَنَا يَتَشَخَّطُ فِي دَمِهِ .
فَقَالَ : " تَعْرِفُونَ قَاتِلَهُ ؟ " . قَالُوا : لَا ، إِلَّا أَنَّ قَتَلَتْهُ يَهُودُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " اخْتَارُوا مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا فَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ ، ثُمَّ خُذُوا مِنْهُمُ الدِّيَةَ " . فَفَعَلُوا . رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يَامِينَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ .
فَقَالَ : " تَعْرِفُونَ قَاتِلَهُ ؟ " . قَالُوا : لَا ، إِلَّا أَنَّ قَتَلَتْهُ يَهُودُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " اخْتَارُوا مِنْهُمْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا فَيَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ ، ثُمَّ خُذُوا مِنْهُمُ الدِّيَةَ " . فَفَعَلُوا . رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يَامِينَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ .
Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: On the occasion of the Battle of Khaybar, qasamah (oaths over an unresolved killing) took place concerning a killing. It came about in this way: a man of the Ansar, one of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), went missing at night. The Ansar came and said: "Our companion has been found weltering in his blood (killed)." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do you know who killed him?" They replied: "No, except that the Jews must have killed him." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Choose fifty men from among them, and let them swear this oath in the name of Allah; then take the blood money from them." And they did so.
Al-Bazzar recorded it. Its chain contains Abd al-Rahman bin Yamin, who is da'if (weak).
Al-Bazzar recorded it. Its chain contains Abd al-Rahman bin Yamin, who is da'if (weak).
وَعَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حِجَازًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، فَكَانَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ صَبْرٍ أَثِمَ فِيهَا ، أُرِيَ عُقُوبَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ يُنَكِّلُ بِهَا عَنِ الْجَرْأَةِ عَلَى الْمَحَارِمِ ، فَكَانُوا يَتَوَرَّعُونَ عَنْ أَيْمَانِ الصَّبْرِ وَيَخَافُونَهَا .
فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمْ أَهْيَبَ لَهَا ، لِمَا عَلَّمَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، يُقَالُ لَهُمْ : بَنُو حَارِثَةَ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْ مُحَيِّصَةَ ، فَأَنْكَرَتِ الْيَهُودُ .
فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْيَهُودَ لِقَسَامَتِهِمْ ، لِأَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ ادَّعَوُا الدَّمَ ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا كَبِيرًا مَنْ قَتَلَهُ . فَنَكَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ .
فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ غِيلَةً ، وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُمْ ، فَنَكَلَتْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَضَى بِعَقْلِهِ عَلَى يَهُودَ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ ، وَفِي دِيَارِهِمْ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمْ أَهْيَبَ لَهَا ، لِمَا عَلَّمَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، يُقَالُ لَهُمْ : بَنُو حَارِثَةَ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْ مُحَيِّصَةَ ، فَأَنْكَرَتِ الْيَهُودُ .
فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْيَهُودَ لِقَسَامَتِهِمْ ، لِأَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ ادَّعَوُا الدَّمَ ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا كَبِيرًا مَنْ قَتَلَهُ . فَنَكَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ .
فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ غِيلَةً ، وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُمْ ، فَنَكَلَتْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَضَى بِعَقْلِهِ عَلَى يَهُودَ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ ، وَفِي دِيَارِهِمْ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: In the Jahiliyyah, qasamah was a barrier between people. It worked like this: when a person swore a false oath and was sinful in swearing it, it was understood that now a punishment from Allah Almighty would come upon him, by which he would be punished for having dared to violate what is sacred. So those people used to refrain from false oaths and remained fearful of them. When Allah Almighty sent His Prophet with the ruling of qasamah (that is, gave him the command concerning it), the Muslims became even more fearful of it, because they knew about this. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a judgment of qasamah between two clans of the Ansar, who were called Banu Harithah. It came about in this way: the Jews had killed Sayyiduna Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him), and the Jews denied it. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned the Jews for the qasamah, because those people had made the claim of blood. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them that fifty men should swear: fifty elders would swear an oath concerning this killing. The Jews refused to swear. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned Banu Harithah and instructed them that fifty men should swear, fifty men swearing that the Jews had killed him treacherously, and thereby they would become entitled to the one who they claim killed their companion. Banu Harithah also refused to swear. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw this situation, he made the payment of that slain man's blood money binding upon the Jews, because the slain man was found among them and in their territory.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ : كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَأَقَرَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لِتَكُونَ أَكَفَّ لِلنَّاسِ عَنِ الدِّمَاءِ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ ، وَفِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الزَّبِيدِيُّ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَقَالَ : رُبَّمَا أَخْطَأَ وَأَغْرَبَ ، وَشَيْخُ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ مُوسَى بْنُ عِيسَى الزَّبِيدِيُّ لَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ ثِقَاتٌ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ ، وَفِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الزَّبِيدِيُّ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَقَالَ : رُبَّمَا أَخْطَأَ وَأَغْرَبَ ، وَشَيْخُ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ مُوسَى بْنُ عِيسَى الزَّبِيدِيُّ لَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ ثِقَاتٌ .
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Qasamah dates back to the Jahiliyyah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) retained it, because in this way people can be restrained from bloodshed.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Zabidi, whom Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy) and said: he sometimes errs and narrates gharib (unusual) reports. Al-Tabarani's teacher in this narration is Musa bin Isa al-Zabidi, whom I do not know. The rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Zabidi, whom Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy) and said: he sometimes errs and narrates gharib (unusual) reports. Al-Tabarani's teacher in this narration is Musa bin Isa al-Zabidi, whom I do not know. The rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَافِدٍ ; أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ فِي الدَّمِ قَدْ كَانَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَارِيَةَ الْعَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ وَلَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ ثِقَاتٌ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Wafid (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the practice of swearing oaths concerning a killing existed in the blessed time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as well.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat via Abd al-Malik bin Sariyah al-Akki, from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Wafid (may Allah be pleased with him), and I do not know him. The rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat via Abd al-Malik bin Sariyah al-Akki, from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Wafid (may Allah be pleased with him), and I do not know him. The rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
