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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
بَابُ الْقَسَامَةِ ، وَالْقَتِيلِ يَكُونُ بِأَرْضِ قَوْمٍ
Qasamah, and a slain person found in the land of a people
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 10736
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حِجَازًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ، فَكَانَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ صَبْرٍ أَثِمَ فِيهَا ، أُرِيَ عُقُوبَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ يُنَكِّلُ بِهَا عَنِ الْجَرْأَةِ عَلَى الْمَحَارِمِ ، فَكَانُوا يَتَوَرَّعُونَ عَنْ أَيْمَانِ الصَّبْرِ وَيَخَافُونَهَا .
فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمْ أَهْيَبَ لَهَا ، لِمَا عَلَّمَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، يُقَالُ لَهُمْ : بَنُو حَارِثَةَ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْ مُحَيِّصَةَ ، فَأَنْكَرَتِ الْيَهُودُ .
فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْيَهُودَ لِقَسَامَتِهِمْ ، لِأَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ ادَّعَوُا الدَّمَ ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا كَبِيرًا مَنْ قَتَلَهُ . فَنَكَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ .
فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ غِيلَةً ، وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُمْ ، فَنَكَلَتْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَضَى بِعَقْلِهِ عَلَى يَهُودَ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ ، وَفِي دِيَارِهِمْ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمْ أَهْيَبَ لَهَا ، لِمَا عَلَّمَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْقَسَامَةِ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، يُقَالُ لَهُمْ : بَنُو حَارِثَةَ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْ مُحَيِّصَةَ ، فَأَنْكَرَتِ الْيَهُودُ .
فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْيَهُودَ لِقَسَامَتِهِمْ ، لِأَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ ادَّعَوُا الدَّمَ ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا كَبِيرًا مَنْ قَتَلَهُ . فَنَكَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ .
فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ غِيلَةً ، وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُمْ ، فَنَكَلَتْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَضَى بِعَقْلِهِ عَلَى يَهُودَ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ ، وَفِي دِيَارِهِمْ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: In the Jahiliyyah, qasamah was a barrier between people. It worked like this: when a person swore a false oath and was sinful in swearing it, it was understood that now a punishment from Allah Almighty would come upon him, by which he would be punished for having dared to violate what is sacred. So those people used to refrain from false oaths and remained fearful of them. When Allah Almighty sent His Prophet with the ruling of qasamah (that is, gave him the command concerning it), the Muslims became even more fearful of it, because they knew about this. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a judgment of qasamah between two clans of the Ansar, who were called Banu Harithah. It came about in this way: the Jews had killed Sayyiduna Muhayyisah (may Allah be pleased with him), and the Jews denied it. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned the Jews for the qasamah, because those people had made the claim of blood. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them that fifty men should swear: fifty elders would swear an oath concerning this killing. The Jews refused to swear. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned Banu Harithah and instructed them that fifty men should swear, fifty men swearing that the Jews had killed him treacherously, and thereby they would become entitled to the one who they claim killed their companion. Banu Harithah also refused to swear. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw this situation, he made the payment of that slain man's blood money binding upon the Jews, because the slain man was found among them and in their territory.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
