مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب الجهاد
Book of Jihad
بَابُ تَدْوِينِ الْعَطَاءِ .
Registering state stipends
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
عَنْ نَاشِرِ بْنِ سُمَيٍّ الْيَزَنِيِّ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَوْمَ الْجَابِيَةِ ، وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ : إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَنِي خَازِنًا لِهَذَا الْمَالِ وَقَاسِمَهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : بَلِ اللَّهُ يَقْسِمُهُ ، وَأَنَا بَادِئٌ بِأَهْلِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ .
فَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ ، إِلَّا جُوَيْرِيَّةَ وَصَفِيَّةَ وَمَيْمُونَةَ . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَانَ يَعْدِلُ بَيْنَنَا ، فَعَدَلَ بَيْنَهُنَّ عُمَرُ .
ثُمَّ قَالَ : إِنِّي بَادِئٌ بِأَصْحَابِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ ; فَإِنَّا أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا ظُلْمًا وَعُدْوَانًا ، ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ ، فَفَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَلِمَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ أُحُدًا ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ .
قَالَ : وَمَنْ أَسْرَعَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، أَسْرَعَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ ، وَمَنْ أَبْطَأَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، أَبْطَأَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ ، فَلَا يَلُومَنَّ امْرُؤٌ إِلَّا مُنَاخَ رَاحِلَتِهِ .
وَإِنِّي أَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ عَزْلِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ ، إِنِّي أَمَرْتُهُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَ هَذَا الْمَالَ عَلَى ضَعَفَةِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، فَأَعْطَاهُ ذَا الْبَأْسِ ، وَذَا الشَّرَفِ ، وَذَا اللِّسَانِ ، فَنَزَعْتُهُ ، وَوَلَّيْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ .
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَفْصٍ : وَاللَّهِ ، مَا أَعْذَرْتَ يَا عُمَرُ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، لَقَدْ نَزَعْتَ عَامِلًا اسْتَعْمَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَغَمَدْتَ سَيْفًا سَلَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَوَضَعْتَ لِوَاءً نَصَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - [ وَلَقَدْ قَطَعْتَ الرَّحِمَ ] وَحَسَدْتَ ابْنَ الْعَمِّ .
فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : إِنَّكَ قَرِيبُ الْقَرَابَةِ ، حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ ، مُعَصَّبٌ فِي ابْنِ عَمِّكَ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ .
فَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ ، إِلَّا جُوَيْرِيَّةَ وَصَفِيَّةَ وَمَيْمُونَةَ . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَانَ يَعْدِلُ بَيْنَنَا ، فَعَدَلَ بَيْنَهُنَّ عُمَرُ .
ثُمَّ قَالَ : إِنِّي بَادِئٌ بِأَصْحَابِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ ; فَإِنَّا أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا ظُلْمًا وَعُدْوَانًا ، ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ ، فَفَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَلِمَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ أُحُدًا ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ .
قَالَ : وَمَنْ أَسْرَعَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، أَسْرَعَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ ، وَمَنْ أَبْطَأَ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، أَبْطَأَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ ، فَلَا يَلُومَنَّ امْرُؤٌ إِلَّا مُنَاخَ رَاحِلَتِهِ .
وَإِنِّي أَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ عَزْلِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ ، إِنِّي أَمَرْتُهُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَ هَذَا الْمَالَ عَلَى ضَعَفَةِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، فَأَعْطَاهُ ذَا الْبَأْسِ ، وَذَا الشَّرَفِ ، وَذَا اللِّسَانِ ، فَنَزَعْتُهُ ، وَوَلَّيْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ .
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَفْصٍ : وَاللَّهِ ، مَا أَعْذَرْتَ يَا عُمَرُ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، لَقَدْ نَزَعْتَ عَامِلًا اسْتَعْمَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَغَمَدْتَ سَيْفًا سَلَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَوَضَعْتَ لِوَاءً نَصَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - [ وَلَقَدْ قَطَعْتَ الرَّحِمَ ] وَحَسَدْتَ ابْنَ الْعَمِّ .
فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : إِنَّكَ قَرِيبُ الْقَرَابَةِ ، حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ ، مُعَصَّبٌ فِي ابْنِ عَمِّكَ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ .
Nashir bin Sumayy al-Yazani narrates: On the day of al-Jabiyah I heard Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was addressing the people. (He said:) Indeed, Allah Almighty has made me the treasurer and the distributor of this wealth. Then he said: Rather, Allah Almighty is the One who distributes it. I will begin with the family of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then with the most honoured of the people. So he fixed ten thousand as the allowance for the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), except that the case of Sayyidah Juwayriyah (may Allah be pleased with her), Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) and Sayyidah Maymunah (may Allah be pleased with her) was different. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to treat us equally, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) has also treated these wives equally. Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will begin first with the earliest Muhajirun, for we were driven out of our homes unjustly and aggressively, and then those of them who are most honoured. So he fixed five thousand for those of these Muhajirun who were at Badr, four thousand for those of the Ansar who took part in the Battle of Badr, and three thousand for whoever took part in the Battle of Uhud. He said: Whoever migrated early will receive more, and whoever migrated late will receive less, so let a man blame only the place where his mount was tethered. And I am about to give you my excuse for dismissing Khalid bin al-Walid. I had ordered him to keep this wealth for the poor Muhajirun, but he gave it to people of power, people of rank and people of eloquence, so I removed him and appointed Abu Ubaydah as governor. Then Abu Amr bin Hafs said: By Allah! O Umar bin al-Khattab, this is no excuse. You have dismissed an official whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed, you have sheathed a sword that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) drew, and you have lowered a banner that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) raised. You have violated the rights of kinship and envied your cousin. Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You are a close relative, you are young in age, and you are partisan in favour of your cousin.
This narration has been recorded by Ahmad, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
This narration has been recorded by Ahmad, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْلَى غَفْرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ مَالٌ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ : مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عِدَةٌ ، فَيَأْتِ فَلْيَأْخُذْ .
قَالَ : فَجَاءَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ وَعَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : " إِذَا جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مَالٌ ، أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا " . ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مَلَأَ كَفَّيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : خُذْ بِيَدَيْكَ . قَالَ : فَأَخَذَ بِيَدَيْهِ ، فَوَجَدَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ ، قَالَ : عُدْ إِلَيْهَا ، ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ مِثْلَهَا ، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ مَا بَقِيَ ، فَأَصَابَ عَشَرَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ - يَعْنِي : لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ - .
فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ جَاءَهُ مَالٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَأَصَابَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، وَفَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ ، فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، قَدْ فَضَلَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ ، وَلَكُمْ خَدَمٌ يُعَالِجُونَ لَكُمْ ، وَيَعْمَلُونَ لَكُمْ ، إِنْ شِئْتُمْ رَضَخْنَا لَهُمْ ، فَرَضَخَ لَهُمُ الْخَمْسَةَ دَرَاهِمَ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَوْ فَضَّلْتَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ؟ فَقَالَ : أَجْرُ أُولَئِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ مَعَايِشُ ، الْأُسْوَةُ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ .
فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ اسْتَخْلَفَ عُمَرُ ، فَفَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْفُتُوحَ ، فَجَاءَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ رَأْيٌ ، وَلِي رَأْيٌ آخَرُ : لَا أَجْعَلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَمَنْ قَاتَلَ مَعَهُ ، فَفَضَّلَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ ، فَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ قَبْلَ إِسْلَامِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَرَضَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا لِكُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ ، إِلَّا صَفِيَّةَ وَجُوَيْرِيَّةَ ، فَفَرَضَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ سِتَّةَ آلَافٍ ، فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَأْخُذْنَهَا ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا فُرِضَتْ لَهُنَّ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، فَقُلْنَ : مَا فُرِضَتْ لَهُنَّ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، إِنَّمَا فُرِضَتْ لَهُنَّ لِمَكَانِهِنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلَنَا مِثْلُ مَكَانِهِنَّ ، فَأَبْصَرَ ذَلِكَ ، فَجَعَلَهُنَّ سَوَاءً .
وَفَرَضَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا ; لِقَرَابَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَفَرَضَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ ، فَأَلْحَقَهُمَا بِأَبِيهِمَا ; لِقَرَابَتِهِمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - .
وَفَرَضَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَتِ ، فَرَضْتَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، وَفَرَضْتَ لِي ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ، فَمَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ ، وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي ؟ ! فَقَالَ : إِنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْ أَبِيكَ ، وَهُوَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْكَ .
وَفَرَضَ لِأَبْنَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا أَلْفَيْنِ أَلْفَيْنِ ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، فَقَالَ : زِيدُوهُ أَلْفًا ، أَوْ قَالَ : زِدْهُ أَلْفًا يَا غُلَامُ . فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تُزِيدُهُ عَلَيْنَا ؟ مَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا كَانَ لِآبَائِنَا ؟ .
قَالَ : فَرَضْتُ لَهُ بِأَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَلْفَيْنِ ، وَزِدْتُهُ بِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَلْفًا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَ أُمٌّ مِثْلُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، زِدْتُكَ أَلْفًا . وَفَرَضَ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ - يَعْنِي : عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ - ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِلنَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ أَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ طَلْحَةُ : جَاءَكَ ابْنُ عُثْمَانَ مِثْلُهُ ، فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ ، وَجَاءَكَ غُلَامٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ ؟ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي لَقِيتُ أَبَا هَذَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ ، فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقُلْتُ : مَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ قُتِلَ . فَسَلَّ سَيْفَهُ وَسَدَّدَ زَنْدَهُ ، وَقَالَ : إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ قُتِلَ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ ، فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ ، وَقَالَ : هَذَا يَرْعَى الْغَنَمَ ، تُرِيدُونَ جَعْلَهُمَا سَوَاءً ؟ ! .
فَعَمِلَ عُمَرُ عُمْرَهُ بِهَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ السَّنَةُ الَّتِي حَجَّ فِيهَا ، قَالَ نَاسٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ : لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا - يَعْنُونَ : طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ - قَالُوا : وَكَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ بِمِنًى ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسَ يَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ غَوْغَاءُ النَّاسِ ، وَهُمْ لَا يَحْمِلُونَ ، فَأَمْهِلْ أَوْ أَخِّرْ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَ أَرْضَ الْهِجْرَةِ حَيْثُ أَصْحَابُكَ ، وَدَارُ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ ، فَتُكَلِّمَ بِكَلَامِكَ - أَوْ فَتَتَكَلَّمَ - فَيَحْتَمِلُ كَلَامُكَ .
قَالَ : فَأَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ ، فَخَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، وَقَالَ : قَدْ بَلَغَنِي مَقَالَةُ قَائِلِكُمْ : لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ ، أَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا ، فَبَايَعْنَاهُ ، وَكَانَتْ إِمْرَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً .
أَجَلْ وَاللَّهِ ، لَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً ، وَمِنْ أَيْنَ لَنَا مِثْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؟ نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَيْهِ ، كَمَا نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَأَى رَأْيًا ، وَرَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا أَنْ أُفَضِّلَ ; فَإِنْ أَعِشْ إِلَى هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ فَسَأَرْجِعُ إِلَى رَأْيِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، فَرَأْيُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَأْيِي .
إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَا ، وَمَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا قَدِ اقْتَرَبَ أَجَلِي ، رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا أَحْمَرَ نَقَرَنِي ثَلَاثَ نَقَرَاتٍ ، فَاسْتَعْبَرْتُ أَسْمَاءَ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَقْتُلُكَ عَبْدٌ أَعْجَمِيٌّ ، فَإِنْ أَهْلَكْ فَأَمْرُكُمْ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ : عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ ، وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ، فَإِنْ عِشْتُ فَسَأَعْهَدُ عَهْدًا لَا تَهْلِكُوا .
أَلَا وَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ حَقٌّ ، قَدْ رَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ ، وَلَوْلَا أَنْ يَقُولُوا كَتَبَ عُمَرُ مَا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لِكَتَبْتُهُ ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ : الشَّيْخُ وَالشَّيْخَةُ إِذَا زَنَيَا فَارْجُمُوهُمَا الْبَتَّةَ نَكَالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ .
نَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْعَمَّةِ وَابْنَةِ الْأَخِ ، فَمَا جَعَلْتُهُمَا وَارِثَيْنِ وَلَا يَرِثَانِ ، فَإِنْ أَعِشْ فَسَأَفْتَحُ لَكُمْ مِنْهُ طَرِيقًا تَعْرِفُونَهُ ، وَإِنْ أَهْلَكْ فَاللَّهُ خَلِيفَتِي ، وَتَخْتَارُونَ رَأْيَكُمْ . إِنِّي قَدْ دَوَّنْتُ الدِّيوَانَ ، وَمَصَرْتُ الْأَمْصَارَ ، وَإِنَّمَا أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدَ رَجُلَيْنِ : رَجُلٌ يُؤَوِّلُ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأْوِيلِهِ ، فَقَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَرَجُلٌ يَرَى أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُقَاتِلُ عَلَيْهِ .
تَكَلَّمَ بِهَذَا الْكَلَامِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَمَاتَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ . قُلْتُ : فِي الصَّحِيحِ طَرَفٌ مِنْهُ . رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَفِيهِ أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ نَجِيحٌ ضَعِيفٌ يُعْتَبَرُ بِحَدِيثِهِ .
قَالَ : فَجَاءَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ وَعَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : " إِذَا جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مَالٌ ، أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا " . ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مَلَأَ كَفَّيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : خُذْ بِيَدَيْكَ . قَالَ : فَأَخَذَ بِيَدَيْهِ ، فَوَجَدَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ ، قَالَ : عُدْ إِلَيْهَا ، ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ مِثْلَهَا ، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ مَا بَقِيَ ، فَأَصَابَ عَشَرَةَ الدَّرَاهِمِ - يَعْنِي : لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ - .
فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ جَاءَهُ مَالٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَأَصَابَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ، وَفَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ ، فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، قَدْ فَضَلَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ فَضْلٌ ، وَلَكُمْ خَدَمٌ يُعَالِجُونَ لَكُمْ ، وَيَعْمَلُونَ لَكُمْ ، إِنْ شِئْتُمْ رَضَخْنَا لَهُمْ ، فَرَضَخَ لَهُمُ الْخَمْسَةَ دَرَاهِمَ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَوْ فَضَّلْتَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ؟ فَقَالَ : أَجْرُ أُولَئِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ، إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ مَعَايِشُ ، الْأُسْوَةُ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ .
فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ اسْتَخْلَفَ عُمَرُ ، فَفَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْفُتُوحَ ، فَجَاءَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ رَأْيٌ ، وَلِي رَأْيٌ آخَرُ : لَا أَجْعَلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَمَنْ قَاتَلَ مَعَهُ ، فَفَضَّلَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ ، فَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ إِسْلَامُهُ قَبْلَ إِسْلَامِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَرَضَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا لِكُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ ، إِلَّا صَفِيَّةَ وَجُوَيْرِيَّةَ ، فَفَرَضَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ سِتَّةَ آلَافٍ ، فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَأْخُذْنَهَا ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا فُرِضَتْ لَهُنَّ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، فَقُلْنَ : مَا فُرِضَتْ لَهُنَّ بِالْهِجْرَةِ ، إِنَّمَا فُرِضَتْ لَهُنَّ لِمَكَانِهِنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلَنَا مِثْلُ مَكَانِهِنَّ ، فَأَبْصَرَ ذَلِكَ ، فَجَعَلَهُنَّ سَوَاءً .
وَفَرَضَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا ; لِقَرَابَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَفَرَضَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ ، فَأَلْحَقَهُمَا بِأَبِيهِمَا ; لِقَرَابَتِهِمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - .
وَفَرَضَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَتِ ، فَرَضْتَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، وَفَرَضْتَ لِي ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ، فَمَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ ، وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي ؟ ! فَقَالَ : إِنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْ أَبِيكَ ، وَهُوَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْكَ .
وَفَرَضَ لِأَبْنَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا أَلْفَيْنِ أَلْفَيْنِ ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، فَقَالَ : زِيدُوهُ أَلْفًا ، أَوْ قَالَ : زِدْهُ أَلْفًا يَا غُلَامُ . فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ : لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تُزِيدُهُ عَلَيْنَا ؟ مَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا كَانَ لِآبَائِنَا ؟ .
قَالَ : فَرَضْتُ لَهُ بِأَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَلْفَيْنِ ، وَزِدْتُهُ بِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَلْفًا ، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَ أُمٌّ مِثْلُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، زِدْتُكَ أَلْفًا . وَفَرَضَ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ - يَعْنِي : عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ - ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ ، وَفَرَضَ لِلنَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ أَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ طَلْحَةُ : جَاءَكَ ابْنُ عُثْمَانَ مِثْلُهُ ، فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ ، وَجَاءَكَ غُلَامٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ ؟ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي لَقِيتُ أَبَا هَذَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ ، فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقُلْتُ : مَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ قُتِلَ . فَسَلَّ سَيْفَهُ وَسَدَّدَ زَنْدَهُ ، وَقَالَ : إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ قُتِلَ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ ، فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ ، وَقَالَ : هَذَا يَرْعَى الْغَنَمَ ، تُرِيدُونَ جَعْلَهُمَا سَوَاءً ؟ ! .
فَعَمِلَ عُمَرُ عُمْرَهُ بِهَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتِ السَّنَةُ الَّتِي حَجَّ فِيهَا ، قَالَ نَاسٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ : لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا - يَعْنُونَ : طَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ - قَالُوا : وَكَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ بِمِنًى ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسَ يَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ غَوْغَاءُ النَّاسِ ، وَهُمْ لَا يَحْمِلُونَ ، فَأَمْهِلْ أَوْ أَخِّرْ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَ أَرْضَ الْهِجْرَةِ حَيْثُ أَصْحَابُكَ ، وَدَارُ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ ، فَتُكَلِّمَ بِكَلَامِكَ - أَوْ فَتَتَكَلَّمَ - فَيَحْتَمِلُ كَلَامُكَ .
قَالَ : فَأَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ ، فَخَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، وَقَالَ : قَدْ بَلَغَنِي مَقَالَةُ قَائِلِكُمْ : لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ ، أَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، أَقَمْنَا فُلَانًا ، فَبَايَعْنَاهُ ، وَكَانَتْ إِمْرَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلْتَةً .
أَجَلْ وَاللَّهِ ، لَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً ، وَمِنْ أَيْنَ لَنَا مِثْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؟ نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَيْهِ ، كَمَا نَمُدُّ أَعْنَاقَنَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَأَى رَأْيًا ، وَرَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا أَنْ أُفَضِّلَ ; فَإِنْ أَعِشْ إِلَى هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ فَسَأَرْجِعُ إِلَى رَأْيِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، فَرَأْيُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَأْيِي .
إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَا ، وَمَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا قَدِ اقْتَرَبَ أَجَلِي ، رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا أَحْمَرَ نَقَرَنِي ثَلَاثَ نَقَرَاتٍ ، فَاسْتَعْبَرْتُ أَسْمَاءَ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَقْتُلُكَ عَبْدٌ أَعْجَمِيٌّ ، فَإِنْ أَهْلَكْ فَأَمْرُكُمْ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ : عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ ، وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ، فَإِنْ عِشْتُ فَسَأَعْهَدُ عَهْدًا لَا تَهْلِكُوا .
أَلَا وَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ حَقٌّ ، قَدْ رَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ ، وَلَوْلَا أَنْ يَقُولُوا كَتَبَ عُمَرُ مَا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لِكَتَبْتُهُ ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ : الشَّيْخُ وَالشَّيْخَةُ إِذَا زَنَيَا فَارْجُمُوهُمَا الْبَتَّةَ نَكَالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ .
نَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْعَمَّةِ وَابْنَةِ الْأَخِ ، فَمَا جَعَلْتُهُمَا وَارِثَيْنِ وَلَا يَرِثَانِ ، فَإِنْ أَعِشْ فَسَأَفْتَحُ لَكُمْ مِنْهُ طَرِيقًا تَعْرِفُونَهُ ، وَإِنْ أَهْلَكْ فَاللَّهُ خَلِيفَتِي ، وَتَخْتَارُونَ رَأْيَكُمْ . إِنِّي قَدْ دَوَّنْتُ الدِّيوَانَ ، وَمَصَرْتُ الْأَمْصَارَ ، وَإِنَّمَا أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدَ رَجُلَيْنِ : رَجُلٌ يُؤَوِّلُ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأْوِيلِهِ ، فَقَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَرَجُلٌ يَرَى أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ ، فَيُقَاتِلُ عَلَيْهِ .
تَكَلَّمَ بِهَذَا الْكَلَامِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَمَاتَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ . قُلْتُ : فِي الصَّحِيحِ طَرَفٌ مِنْهُ . رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَفِيهِ أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ نَجِيحٌ ضَعِيفٌ يُعْتَبَرُ بِحَدِيثِهِ .
Umar bin Abdullah, the freed slave of Ghufrah, narrates: Some wealth came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) from Bahrain. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever was promised something by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), let him come and collect it. The narrator says: So Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) came and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made me a promise; he said: When wealth comes to me from Bahrain, I will give you this much, this much and this much, that is, he said this three times, spreading out both his hands. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Take the wealth with both your hands joined. He joined both hands and got five hundred (dirhams). Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Take again! Then he gave him the same amount once more. Then he distributed the rest of the wealth among the people, and each person received ten dirhams. When the next year came, more wealth than that arrived; he distributed that among them too, and each person received twenty dirhams. Then some of the wealth was left over, so he said to the people: O people, some of this wealth is left over. You have servants who do your work and look after you; if you wish, we will give it to them as a gift. So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) gave them five dirhams each as a gift. The people said: O successor of the Messenger of Allah, it would have been fitting if you had given preference to the Muhajirun. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Their reward is with Allah Almighty; this is only worldly provision, and in it equal sharing is better than preferential treatment. When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) passed away and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph, Allah Almighty granted him many conquests and more wealth than that began to come. He said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had one view about this wealth and I have a different view: I will not treat the one who fought against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) like the one who fought alongside the Messenger of Allah. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) gave preference to the Muhajirun and the Ansar. He fixed the share of those who took part in the Battle of Badr at five thousand; for those whose Islam came before the Islam of the people of Badr (but who did not take part in the Battle of Badr), he fixed four thousand. For each of the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) he fixed twelve thousand; only the case of Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) and Sayyidah Juwayriyah (may Allah be pleased with her) was different: for each of them he fixed six thousand. They refused to take it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The share of the other wives was fixed on account of hijrah. They said: Their share was not fixed on account of hijrah; their share was fixed because of their relationship with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and we have the same relationship with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) accepted this and made their shares equal. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed twelve thousand for Sayyiduna Abbas bin Abd al-Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him), on account of his kinship with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He fixed four thousand for Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him), and five thousand each for Sayyiduna Imam Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Imam Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him), and he placed the two of them alongside their father, because they were related to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He fixed three thousand for Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: Father, you have fixed a larger share for Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) and three thousand for me, yet his father has no merit that you do not have, and he has no merit that I do not have. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: His father was dearer to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) than your father, and he was dearer to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) than you. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed two thousand each for the sons of the Muhajirun who had taken part in the Battle of Badr. Sayyiduna Umar bin Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) passed by Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: Give him another thousand; the narrator is unsure whether the words were: Boy, give him another thousand. Muhammad bin Abdullah said: Why are you giving him more than us, when his father had no merit that our fathers did not have? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I fixed his share at two thousand on account of Sayyiduna Abu Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him), and gave him one thousand more on account of Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). If your mother is like Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), I will give you another thousand too. He fixed eight hundred as the share of Uthman bin Abdullah, the nephew of Sayyiduna Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him). He fixed two thousand dirhams as the share of Nadr bin Anas. Sayyiduna Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Uthman's son came to you, and he is like him, yet you fixed his share at eight hundred; and a young man of the Ansar came to you and you fixed two thousand for him? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: His father met me on the day of the Battle of Uhud and asked me about the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). I said: He has been martyred. So he drew his sword, straightened his arm and said: Even if the Prophet of Allah has been martyred, Allah Almighty is Living and will never die. Then he fought until he was martyred. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: While this one used to herd goats. Do you want the two of them to be made equal? After that, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) acted on this principle throughout his life, until the year in which he performed Hajj came. Some people said: If the Commander of the Faithful dies, we will make so-and-so caliph, meaning Sayyiduna Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him). They also said that the pledge of allegiance to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had happened suddenly. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to speak about this at Mina during the days of Tashriq, but Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: O Commander of the Faithful, this will be a gathering dominated by the clamour of the people, and they will not understand the matter properly. Postpone it until we reach the land of hijrah, where your companions are, which is the home of faith, where the Muhajirun and the Ansar are. Speak there, and the people will take in your words. The narrator says: So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) travelled quickly until he reached Madinah. On Friday he came out and (delivering the sermon) praised and extolled Allah Almighty and said: The statement of one of you has reached me, that if Umar dies (the narrator is unsure whether the words were:) if the Commander of the Faithful dies, we will set up so-and-so and pledge allegiance to him, for the allegiance to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) happened suddenly. (Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said:) By Allah! Yes, it did happen suddenly, but where could we find anyone like Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)? Would we stretch our necks towards him the way we used to stretch our necks towards Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had a view: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) held that distribution should be on an equal basis, and my view was that I would give preference. If I live until this year, I will return to the view of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), for his view was better than mine. I have seen a dream, and I think that the time of my death has now drawn near. I saw a red rooster peck me three times. I asked Asma for its interpretation, and she said: A non-Arab slave will kill you. So if I die, your affair will be in the hands of these six men, with whom the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was pleased at the time of his passing. (They are:) Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Talhah bin Ubaydullah (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him). If I live, I will soon lay down a covenant so that you will not be ruined. Beware! The punishment of stoning is true. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) carried out stoning, and after him we have also carried out stoning. Were it not for the fear that people would say Umar wrote something that is not in the Book of Allah, I would have had it written down. Then he recited that these words were in the Book of Allah: "When the old man and the old woman commit adultery, stone them both; this is a punishment from Allah Almighty, and Allah Almighty is Mighty, Wise." I examined the case of the paternal aunt and the brother's daughter, and I did not make them heirs; these two do not inherit. If I live, I will open for you a way in this matter that you will recognise; and if I die, Allah Almighty is my successor over you, and you may adopt your own view. I have had the register (diwan) compiled and I have founded the cities. I fear for you on account of two men: a man who interprets the Qur'an wrongly and fights on that basis, and a man who thinks that he has more right to rule than his companion and then fights on that basis. He gave this address on Friday and passed away on Wednesday. (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Part of it is recorded in the "Sahih".
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Bazzar. Its chain contains a narrator, Abu Ma'shar Najih, who is da'if (weak), but his hadith is taken into consideration.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Bazzar. Its chain contains a narrator, Abu Ma'shar Najih, who is da'if (weak), but his hadith is taken into consideration.
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَعْطَانَا نَصِيبًا مِنْ خَيْبَرَ ، وَأَعْطَانَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُمَرُ وَكَثُرَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ ، أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ : إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ كَثُرُوا عَلَيَّ ، فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَنْ أُعْطِيَكُمْ مَكَانَ نَصِيبِكُمْ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ مَالًا ؟ فَنَظَرَ بَعْضُنَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، فَقُلْنَا : نَعَمْ .
فَطُعِنَ عُمَرُ ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِنَا شَيْئًا ، فَأَخَذَهَا عُثْمَانُ فَأَبَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَنَا ، وَقَالَ : قَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ أَخَذَهَا مِنْكُمْ . رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَفِيهِ حَكِيمُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ .
فَطُعِنَ عُمَرُ ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِنَا شَيْئًا ، فَأَخَذَهَا عُثْمَانُ فَأَبَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَنَا ، وَقَالَ : قَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ أَخَذَهَا مِنْكُمْ . رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، وَفِيهِ حَكِيمُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave us a share of Khaybar, and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) also gave it to us. When the time of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came and people began coming to him in large numbers, he sent for us and said: People have begun coming to me in large numbers; if you wish, I will give you wealth in place of your share of Khaybar. We looked at one another and said: Very well. Then, when Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was stabbed, he had not given us anything. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) took that land and refused to give us anything, saying that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had taken it from you.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Bazzar. Its chain contains a narrator, Hakim bin Jubayr, and he is matruk (abandoned).
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Bazzar. Its chain contains a narrator, Hakim bin Jubayr, and he is matruk (abandoned).
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ دُرْجًا أَتَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُهُ ، فَلَمْ يَعْرِفُوا قِيمَتَهُ ، فَقَالَ : أَتَأْذَنُونَ أَنْ أَبْعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ ، لِحُبِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِيَّاهَا ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ .
فَأَتَى بِهِ عَائِشَةَ ، فَفَتَحَتْهُ ، فَقِيلَ : هَذَا أَرْسَلَ بِهِ إِلَيْكِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ . فَقَالَتْ : مَاذَا فُتِحَ عَلَى ابْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ؟ اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُبْقِنِي لِعَطِيَّتِهِ قَابِلُ . رَوَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى فِي الْكَبِيرِ وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
فَأَتَى بِهِ عَائِشَةَ ، فَفَتَحَتْهُ ، فَقِيلَ : هَذَا أَرْسَلَ بِهِ إِلَيْكِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ . فَقَالَتْ : مَاذَا فُتِحَ عَلَى ابْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ؟ اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُبْقِنِي لِعَطِيَّتِهِ قَابِلُ . رَوَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى فِي الْكَبِيرِ وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: A "durj" (a small casket in which women keep their belongings) came to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). His companions looked at it but could not estimate its value. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Will you permit me to send it to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who was beloved to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)? The people said: Very well! It was brought to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and it was said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) has sent this to you. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: How much has been opened up (in conquest) for the son of al-Khattab after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! O Allah! Do not keep me alive for his gifts in the coming year.
This narration has been recorded by Imam Abu Ya'la in al-Kabir, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
This narration has been recorded by Imam Abu Ya'la in al-Kabir, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
وَعَنْ مَخْلَدٍ الْغِفَارِيِّ أَنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ أَعْبُدٍ شَهِدُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَدْرًا ، فَكَانَ عُمَرُ يُعْطِيهِمْ أَلْفًا لِكُلِّ رَجُلٍ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، وَقَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ الْجُمْهُورُ ، وَوَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَغَيْرُهُ .
Sayyiduna Makhlad al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Three slaves took part in the Battle of Badr with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to give each of them one thousand (dirhams) as a stipend.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Ya'qub bin Humayd, whom the majority declared da'if (weak), while Ibn Hibban and others declared him thiqah (trustworthy).
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Ya'qub bin Humayd, whom the majority declared da'if (weak), while Ibn Hibban and others declared him thiqah (trustworthy).
وَعَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَرَضَ لِلنِّسَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرَاتِ فِي أَلْفِ أَلْفٍ ، مِنْهُنَّ : أُمُّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ ، إِلَّا أَنَّ مُصْعَبَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عُمَرَ فِيمَا أَظُنُّ .
Mus'ab bin Sa'd narrates: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed a share of one thousand each for the women of the Muhajirun, among whom was Umm Abdullah.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except that, in my opinion, Mus'ab bin Sa'd did not hear from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except that, in my opinion, Mus'ab bin Sa'd did not hear from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ : فَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ لَا يَفْرِضُ لِأَحَدٍ لَا يَبْلُغُ الْحُلُمَ إِلَّا مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ ، وَكَانَ لَا يَفْرِضُ لِمَوْلُودٍ حَتَّى يُفْطَمَ ، فَبَيْنَا هُوَ يَطُوفُ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ بِالْمُصَلَّى فَسَمِعَ بُكَاءَ صَبِيٍّ ، فَقَالَ لِأُمِّهِ : أَرْضِعِيهِ . فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا يَفْرِضُ لِمَوْلُودٍ حَتَّى يُفْطَمَ ، وَإِنِّي فَطَمْتُهُ .
فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : كِدْتُ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ ، أَرْضِعِيهِ فَإِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَوْفَ يَفْرِضُ لَهُ ، ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، وَلِلْمَوْلُودِ حِينَ يُولَدُ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : كِدْتُ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ ، أَرْضِعِيهِ فَإِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَوْفَ يَفْرِضُ لَهُ ، ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، وَلِلْمَوْلُودِ حِينَ يُولَدُ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Nafi' narrates: Sayyiduna Umar bin Abd al-Aziz used to fix a share of one hundred dirhams for everyone who had not reached puberty, and he would not fix a share for a newborn child until it was weaned. One night he was going around, and he heard a child crying. He said to its mother: Breastfeed him. She said: The Commander of the Faithful does not fix a share for a newborn child until it is weaned, so I have weaned him. Sayyiduna Umar bin Abd al-Aziz said: In this way I would become guilty of killing him! Breastfeed him; the Commander of the Faithful will soon fix a share for him. After that he fixed a share even for such children, so that a child would receive a share as soon as it was born.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
