السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب عتق أمهات الأولاد
Book of Freeing the Mothers of Children
باب: : الرجل ينكح الأمة فتلد له ثم يملكها.
A man marries a slave woman, she bears him a child and then he comes to own her
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا أَبُو قُدَامَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، ح، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا حِبَّانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، وَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً، قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: تَعْرِفُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: قَالَ: " أَيُّمَا وَلِيدَةٍ وَلَدَتْ لِسَيِّدِهَا فَهِيَ لَهُ مُتْعَةٌ مَا عَاشَ، فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ مِنْ بَعْدهِ، وَمَنْ وَطِئَ وَلِيدَةً فَضَيَّعَهَا، فَالْوَلَدُ لَهُ وَالضَّيْعَةُ عَلَيْهِ "..
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned a story in which Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) asked: "Do you know Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him)?" He said: "Yes." He said: He (Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)) said: "Any slave woman who bears a child to her master, he may enjoy her during his lifetime, and when he dies she is free. Whoever has intercourse with a slave woman and then neglects her, the child is his and the loss is upon him."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحَارِثِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، ثنا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ أَبُو مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرِيزٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: رُفِعَ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ أَمَةً، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَوْلَادًا، ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا، فَرَفَعَهُمْ شُرَيْحٌ إِلَى عُبَيْدَةَ، فَقَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ: " إِنَّمَا تَعْتِقُ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا وَلَدَتْهُمْ أَحْرَارًا، فَإِذَا وَلَدَتْهُمْ مَمْلُوكِينَ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَعْتِقُ ".
Imam al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The case of a man was brought before Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him): he had married a slave woman and she bore him children, then he bought her. Judge Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) referred the case to Ubaydah (may Allah have mercy on him), and Ubaydah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "An umm walad is freed only when she bore the children free; when she bore them as slaves, she is not freed."
