السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المكاتب
Book of the Mukatab
باب: : المكاتب يجوز بيعه في حالين: أن يحل نجم من نجومه فيعجز عن أدائه، أو يرضى المكاتب بالبيع.
The mukatab may be sold in two cases: when an instalment falls due and he cannot pay it, or when the mukatab consents to the sale
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ، فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ، فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا، فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهَا، فَجَاءَتْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَهْلِهَا، وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَالِسٌ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنِّي قَدْ عَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَوْا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لَهُمْ، فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَأَلَهَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ فَقَالَ: " خُذِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، فَفَعَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ، قَضَاءُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ، وَشَرْطُ اللهِ أَوْثَقُ، وَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "..
Hisham bin Urwah narrates from his father that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Sayyidah Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) came and said: I have made a contract of manumission with my masters for nine uqiyahs, one uqiyah to be paid every year, so help me. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: If your people agree, I will pay the price, and the wala' (right of inheritance from the freed slave) will be mine. Sayyidah Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) went and spoke to them, but they refused. Then she came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was also sitting there, and she said: I spoke to them, but they did not agree; they say: The wala' will be ours. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) heard this and asked about it, and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) informed him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her and stipulate the wala' for them, for the wala' belongs only to the one who frees." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) did so. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up, praised and glorified Allah, then said: "What is the matter with people that they stipulate conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? Any condition that is not in the Book of Allah is void, even if they are a hundred conditions. Allah's condition is more deserving of being fulfilled, and the wala' belongs only to the one who frees."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ، جَاءَتْ تَسْتَعِينُ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَصُبَّ لَهُمْ ثَمَنَكِ صَبَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا، فَقَالُوا: لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لَنَا، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَالَ يَحْيَى: فَزَعَمَتْ عَمْرَةُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا ذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " لَا يَمْنَعْكِ ذَلِكَ، اشْتَرِيهَا وَأَعْتِقِيهَا، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ". ⦗٥٦٥⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ. أَرْسَلَهُ مَالِكٌ فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَأَسْنَدَهُ عَنْهُ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ..
Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on her) says that Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) to seek her help. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: If your people agree, I will pay the whole price at once and free you. So Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) spoke to her people. They said: If the wala' is ours, then it is fine. Yahya says: Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman stated that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let nothing stand in your way; buy her and free her, for the wala' belongs to the one who frees."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ الْكُوفِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو سَبْرَةَ الْقُرَشِيُّ، ثنا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ، جَاءَتْهَا لِتَسْتَعِينَهَا، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا..
Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) to seek her help.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الطَّحَاوِيُّ، ثنا الْمُزَنِيُّ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: أَرَدْتُ أَنِ اشْتَرِيَ بَرِيرَةَ فَأُعْتِقَهَا، فَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيَّ مَوَالِيهَا أَنْ أُعْتِقَهَا وَيَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لَهُمْ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " اشْتَرِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ: " مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ فَمَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ، وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطَ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ ". ..
Amrah bint Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on her) narrates that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I intended to buy Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) and free her, but her people made it a condition: Free her, but the wala' will be ours. She said: I mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her and free her. The wala' belongs to the one who frees." Then he addressed the people and said: "What is the matter with people that they stipulate conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? Whoever stipulates even a hundred such conditions that are not in the Book of Allah, they are void."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: حَدِيثُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَثْبَتُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ، وَأَحْسِبُهُ غَلَطَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: " وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ "، وَأَحْسِبُ حَدِيثَ عَمْرَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ شَرَطَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهِيَ تَرَى ذَلِكَ يَجُوزُ، فَأَعْلَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا إِنْ أَعْتَقَتْهَا فَالْوَلَاءُ لَهَا، وَقَالَ: " لَا يَمْنَعْكِ عَنْهَا مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ شَرْطِكِ "، وَلَا أَرَى أَمَرَهَا تَشْتَرِطُ لَهُمْ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " حَدِيثُ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ، فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ مَوْصُولًا..
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The hadith of Yahya from Amrah from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) is more established than the hadith of Hisham, and I think he erred in his words: "Stipulate the wala' for them." I understand the hadith of Amrah to mean that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) had stipulated that for them without the command of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), thinking it permissible, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) informed her that if she freed her, the wala' would be hers, and said: "Let the condition you made earlier not keep you from her." And I do not think that he ordered her to stipulate for them what is not permissible.
The hadith of Amrah from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) is an established hadith; a group has narrated it from Yahya bin Sa'id with a connected chain.
The hadith of Amrah from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) is an established hadith; a group has narrated it from Yahya bin Sa'id with a connected chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أنبأ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أنبأ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا ⦗٥٦٦⦘ تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: إِنْ شَاءَ مَوَالِيكِ أَنْ أَصُبَّ لَهُمْ عَنْكِ ثَمَنَكِ صَبَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُعْتِقَكِ، قَالَتْ: فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِمَوَالِيهَا فَقَالُوا: لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ لَنَا الْوَلَاءَ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " اشْتَرِيهَا، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ". ..
Amrah narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) to seek help with her contract of manumission. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "If your masters wish, I will pay the whole price at once and free you." Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to her people, and they said: (Only) with the condition of the wala'. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her, for the wala' belongs to the one who frees."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا قَاسِمٌ الْمُطَرِّزُ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: أَتَتْنِي بَرِيرَةُ تَسْتَعِينُنِي فِي كِتَابَتِهَا. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ..
Amrah narrates that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Barirah came to me to seek my help with her contract of manumission.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا قَاسِمٌ الْمُطَرِّزُ، ثنا بُنْدَارٌ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ..
Yahya bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates similarly from Amrah (may Allah have mercy on her).
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا قَاسِمٌ الْمُطَرِّزُ، ثنا بُنْدَارٌ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، بِنَحْوِهِ.
Yahya bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates likewise.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ "، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً فَتُعْتِقَهَا، فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا: نَبِيعُكِهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلَاءَهَا لَنَا، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ عَائِشَةُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " لَا يَمْنَعْكِ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ..
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) intended to buy a slave girl and free her, but her people said: Her wala' will be ours. So Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let nothing stop you, for the wala' belongs only to the one who frees."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ: أَحْسِبُ حَدِيثَ نَافِعٍ أَثْبَتَهَا كُلِّهَا، لِأَنَّهُ مُسْنَدٌ، وَأَنَّهُ أَشْبَهُ، وَكَأَنَّ عَائِشَةَ فِي حَدِيثِ نَافِعٍ كَانَتْ شَرَطَتْ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ، فَأَعْلَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا إِنْ أَعْتَقَتْ فَالْوَلَاءُ لَهَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ هَكَذَا فَلَيْسَ أَنَّهَا شَرَطَتْ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ بِأَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَلَعَلَّ هِشَامًا أَوْ عُرْوَةَ حِينَ سَمِعَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يَمْنَعْكِ ذَلِكَ "، رَأَى أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ فَلَمْ يَقِفْ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ عَلَى مَا وَقَفَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَلِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ شَوَاهِدُ ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I consider the hadith of Nafi' the most established of them all, because it is musnad (connected), and it is the most plausible. It seems that in the hadith of Nafi', Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) had stipulated the wala' for them, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) informed her that if she freed (her), the wala' would be hers. If it was so, then she did not stipulate the wala' for them by the command of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Perhaps when Hisham or Urwah heard the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Let nothing stop you," he understood that he (peace and blessings be upon him) had ordered her to stipulate the wala' for them; his memory did not retain what Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) retained. And Allah knows best.
The meaning of the hadith of Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) has supporting narrations (shawahid).
The meaning of the hadith of Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) has supporting narrations (shawahid).
مِنْهَا مَا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، إِمْلَاءً، أنبأ مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ ⦗٥٦٧⦘ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُهَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: أَرَادَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً تُعْتِقُهَا، فَأَبَى أَهْلُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءُ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " لَا يَمْنَعْكِ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) intended to buy a slave girl and free her, but her people refused unless the wala' would be theirs. So Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let nothing stop you from buying this slave girl, for the wala' belongs to the one who frees."
وَمِنْهَا مَا، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ بَرِيرَةَ لِلْعِتْقِ، وَأَنَّهُمُ اشْتَرَطُوا وَلَاءَهَا، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " اشْتَرِيهَا وَأَعْتِقِيهَا، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُثَنًّى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ. وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ.
Qasim narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she intended to buy Barirah in order to free her, and her people stipulated the wala'. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her and free her, for the wala' belongs to the one who frees."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالَا: ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ: ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ، فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْكِ كِتَابَتَكِ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي، فَعَلْتُ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا، فَأَبَوْا، وَقَالُوا: إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ فَلْتَفْعَلْ، وَيَكُونَ لَنَا وَلَاؤُكِ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " ابْتَاعِي وَأَعْتِقِي، فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " مَا بَالُ أُنَاسٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَرَطَهُ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، شَرْطُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ الْأَسْوَدُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا..
Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), seeking help with her contract of manumission, and she had not yet paid anything of her contract. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Go back to your people; if they agree that I pay the amount but the wala' will be mine, then I will do so. Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to her people, but they refused and said: If Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) wishes to do you a kindness, let her do so, but the wala' will be ours. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy and free, for the wala' belongs to the one who frees." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up to deliver a sermon and said: "What is the matter with people that they stipulate conditions that are not in the Book of Allah? A condition that is not in the Book of Allah carries no weight, even if they are a hundred conditions. Allah's conditions are more deserving of being fulfilled."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْمَتُّوثِيُّ، أنبأ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ بَرِيرَةَ، فَاشْتَرَطُوا عَلَيْهَا الْوَلَاءَ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " اشْتَرِيهَا، الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ". ⦗٥٦٨⦘ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ.
Al-Aswad narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) wanted to buy Barirah and free her, but her people stipulated the wala'. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her, for the wala' belongs to the one who frees."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، ثنا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا عُثْمَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: اشْتَرَيْتُ بَرِيرَةَ فَاشْتَرَطَ أَهْلُهَا وَلَاءَهَا، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " أَعْتِقِيهَا، فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، قَالَتْ: فَأَعْتَقْتُهَا، قَالَتْ: فَدَعَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخَيَّرَهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: لَوْ أَعْطَانِي كَذَا وَكَذَا مَا ثَبَتُّ عِنْدَهُ، فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا، وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا حُرًّا. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا حُرًّا، وَقَدْ بَيَّنَّا فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْأَسْوَدِ، مَيَّزَهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، فَجَعَلَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: قَوْلُ الْأَسْوَدِ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَقَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: رَأَيْتُهُ عَبْدًا أَصَحُّ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَيْمَنُ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ.
Al-Aswad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I bought Barirah, and her people stipulated the wala'. I mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Free her, for the wala' belongs to the one who frees." So I freed her, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called her and gave her the choice regarding her husband. She said: Even if he gave me such-and-such, I would not stay with him. So she chose herself (separation), and her husband was free.
The narration of al-Bukhari in the Sahih from Uthman bin Abi Shaybah is without the words: "and her husband was free"; this is the statement of al-Aswad. Al-Bukhari said: The statement of al-Aswad is munqati' (disconnected), and the statement of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), "I saw him as a slave," is more authentic.
The narration of al-Bukhari in the Sahih from Uthman bin Abi Shaybah is without the words: "and her husband was free"; this is the statement of al-Aswad. Al-Bukhari said: The statement of al-Aswad is munqati' (disconnected), and the statement of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), "I saw him as a slave," is more authentic.
كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ الْعَدْلُ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَيْمَنَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَيْمَنُ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ الْهَرَوِيُّ بِهَا، أنبأ مُعَاذُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَيْمَنَ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَقُلْتُ: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ غُلَامًا لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ، وَإِنَّ عُتْبَةَ مَاتَ، وَوَرِثَنِي بَنُوهُ، وَإِنَّهُمْ بَاعُونِي مِنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، فَأَعْتَقَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، وَاشْتَرَطُوا وَلَائِي، فَمَوْلَى مَنْ أَنَا؟ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَكَانَ لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ، فَمَاتَ عُتْبَةُ، فَوَرِثَهُ بَنُوهُ، وَاشْتَرَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، فَأَعْتَقَهُ، وَاشْتَرَطَ بَنُو عُتْبَةَ الْوَلَاءَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهَا، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ بَرِيرَةُ وَهِيَ مُكَاتَبَةٌ فَقَالَتْ: اشْتَرِينِي يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَإِنَّ أَهْلِي يَبِيعُونَنِي، فَأَعْتِقِينِي، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، اشْتَرِينِي فَأَعْتِقِينِي، قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَهْلِي لَا يَبِيعُونِي حَتَّى يَشْتَرِطُوا وَلَائِي، فَقَالَتْ: لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِكِ، فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَوْ بَلَغَهُ، فَقَالَ: " مَا شَأْنُ بَرِيرَةَ؟ "، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِعَائِشَةَ، فَذَكَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ مَا قَالَتْ لَهَا، فَقَالَ: " اشْتَرِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا، وَلْيَشْتَرِطُوا مَا شَاءُوا ". وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ: " فَدَعِيهِمْ، فَلْيَشْتَرِطُوا مَا ⦗٥٦٩⦘ شَاءُوا "، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَأَعْتَقْتُهَا، وَاشْتَرَطَ أَهْلُهَا الْوَلَاءَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ فَاشْتَرَتْهَا عَائِشَةُ فَأَعْتَقَتْهَا، وَاشْتَرَطَ أَهْلُهَا الْوَلَاءَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطُوا مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ ". . زَادَ خَلَّادٌ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: " فَأَنْتَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، وَعَنْ خَلَّادِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ قُرَيْبَةٌ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، وَالْعَدَدُ بِالْحِفْظِ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْوَاحِدِ..
Abd al-Wahid bin Ayman al-Makki narrates from his father, who said: I went to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) and said: O Mother of the Believers! I am a slave of Utbah bin Abi Lahab. Utbah died, and his sons became my heirs; they sold me to Abdullah bin Abi Amr al-Makhzumi, and he freed me, but they stipulated my wala'. Whose freed slave am I now? In the narration of Abu Nu'aym it is: I went to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and I was the slave of Utbah bin Abi Lahab; he died and his children became my heirs, and Ibn Abi Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) bought me and freed me, but the children of Utbah stipulated the wala'. So he came and told Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Barirah (may Allah be pleased with her) came to me, and she was a mukatabah. She said: O Mother of the Believers! Buy me; my people want to sell me. Free me. I said: Yes. She said: My people want to sell me only with the condition of the wala'. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: I have no need of you. He (peace and blessings be upon him) heard this, or the news reached him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is the matter with Barirah?" So Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) informed him. In the narration of Abu Nu'aym it is that he mentioned it to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) related what she had said. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy her and free her, whatever condition they stipulate." In the narration of Abu Nu'aym it is: "Leave them; let them stipulate whatever they wish." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: I freed her, and her people stipulated the wala'. In the narration of Abu Nu'aym it is that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) bought her and freed her, and her people stipulated the wala', so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The wala' belongs to the one who frees, even if they stipulate a hundred conditions." Khallad added in his narration: You are the freed slave (mawla) of Ibn Abi Amr.
This narration is close to the narration of Hisham bin Urwah, and a number of narrators are more likely to have preserved it than a single one.
This narration is close to the narration of Hisham bin Urwah, and a number of narrators are more likely to have preserved it than a single one.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " إِذَا رَضِيَ أَهْلُهَا بِالْبَيْعِ وَرَضِيَتِ الْمُكَاتَبَةُ بِالْبَيْعِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ تَرْكٌ لِلْكِتَابَةِ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: " فَقَالَ لِي بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: فَمَا مَعْنَى إِبْطَالِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَرْطَ عَائِشَةَ لِأَهْلِ بَرِيرَةَ؟ قُلْتُ: إِنَّ بَيِّنًا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، فِي الْحَدِيثِ نَفْسِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ أَعْلَمَهُمْ أَنَّ اللهَ قَدْ قَضَى أَنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، وَقَالَ: {ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ} [الأحزاب: ٥]، وَأَنَّهُ نَسَبَهُمْ إِلَى مَوَالِيهِمْ كَمَا نَسَبَهُمْ إِلَى آبَائِهِمْ، فَكَمَا لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُحَوَّلُوا عَنْ آبَائِهِمْ، فَكَذَلِكَ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُحَوَّلُوا عَنْ مَوَالِيهِمُ الَّذِينَ وُلُّوا أَمَانَتَهُمْ، وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ} [الأحزاب: ٣٧] وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ "، وَنَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ، وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ، النَّسَبُ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ "، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ هَذَا كَانَ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ خِلَافَ مَا قَضَى اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَاصِيًا، وَكَانَتْ فِي الْمَعَاصِي حُدُودٌ وَآدَابٌ، فَكَانَ مِنْ أَدَبِ الْعَاصِينَ أَنْ يُعَطَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ شُرُوطُهُمْ لِيَنْتَكِلُوا عَنْ مِثْلِهِ، أَوْ يَنْتَكِلَ بِهَا غَيْرُهُمْ، وَكَانَ هَذَا مِنْ أَسْنَى الْأَدَبِ. وَرَوَى الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ مَعْنَى هَذَا وَأَبَيْنَ مِنْهُ..
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When her people agreed to the sale and the mukatabah agreed to be sold, the contract of manumission is ended. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some people asked me: What is the meaning of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) voiding the condition of Barirah's people? He said: Allah knows best, but it is clear from the hadith itself that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had informed them that Allah has decreed that "the wala' belongs to the one who frees." And He said: "Call them by (the names of) their fathers; that is more just in the sight of Allah. But if you do not know their fathers, then they are your brothers in religion and your freed ones (mawali)." [Surah al-Ahzab: 5] They are attributed to the one who freed them just as they are attributed to their fathers. Just as it is not permissible to change the attribution from the father, likewise it is not permissible to change the attribution from the one who freed them, who became the guardian of this favour upon them. Allah Almighty said: "And when you (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the one on whom Allah had bestowed favour and you too had bestowed favour: Keep your wife." [Surah al-Ahzab: 37]
And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The wala' belongs to the one who frees," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling the wala' and giving it as a gift. In one narration it is: "The wala' is a bond like the bond of lineage, and lineage is not sold or given as a gift." When this reached them, whoever stipulated a condition contrary to what Allah and His Messenger decided is a sinner, so his condition will be declared void, so that he and others like him take a lesson from it.
And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The wala' belongs to the one who frees," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling the wala' and giving it as a gift. In one narration it is: "The wala' is a bond like the bond of lineage, and lineage is not sold or given as a gift." When this reached them, whoever stipulated a condition contrary to what Allah and His Messenger decided is a sinner, so his condition will be declared void, so that he and others like him take a lesson from it.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيَّ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا حَرْمَلَةُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ فِي حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيْثُ قَالَ لَهَا: " اشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ ": مَعْنَاهُ اشْتَرِطِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْوَلَاءَ، قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ} [الرعد: ٢٥]، يَعْنِي: عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّعْنَةُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَالْجَوَابُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ، وَفِي صِحَّةِ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ نَظَرٌ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ..
Harmalah (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I heard Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) say, regarding the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Stipulate the wala' for them," that its meaning is: Stipulate the wala' against them. Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: "For them is the curse" [Surah al-Ra'd: 25], meaning: upon them is the curse.
The first answer is more correct, and the authenticity of this wording is open to question. And Allah knows best.
The first answer is more correct, and the authenticity of this wording is open to question. And Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: كَانَ يَكْرَهُ بَيْعَ الْمُكَاتَبِ..
Ata' narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he used to dislike the sale of a mukatab.
