السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المكاتب
Book of the Mukatab
باب: : من قال: لا يعتق المكاتب حتى يكون في الكتابة: فإذا أديت هذا، أو نصفه فأنت حر.
One who said the mukatab is not freed unless the contract states: When you have paid this, or half of it, you are free
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، بِهَمَذَانَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ، قَالَ: كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى أَنْ أَغْرِسَ لَهُمْ خَمْسَمِائَةِ فَسِيلَةٍ، فَإِذَا عَلِقَتْ فَأَنَا حُرٌّ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: " اغْرِسْ وَاشْتَرِطْ لَهُمْ، فَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَغْرِسَ فَآذِنِّي "، فَآذَنْتُهُ، فَجَاءَ فَجَعَلَ يَغْرِسُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً غَرَسْتُهَا بِيَدِي، فَعَلِقْنَ جَمِيعًا، إِلَّا الْوَاحِدَةَ.
Abu Uthman narrates from Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I made a contract of manumission (mukatabah) with my masters on the condition that I would plant five hundred date saplings for them, and when they took (and bore fruit), I would be free. I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned this to him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Plant, and agree the condition with them, but when you intend to plant, inform me." I informed him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he came and began planting them, except for one which I planted with my own hand. All of them took (and bore fruit) except that one.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ سَلْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِهَدِيَّةٍ عَلَى طَبَقٍ فَوَضَعَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: " مَا هَذَا يَا سَلْمَانُ "؟ قَالَ: صَدَقَةٌ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أَصْحَابِكَ، قَالَ: " إِنِّي لَا آكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ "، فَرَفَعَهَا، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ مِنَ الْغَدِ بِمِثْلِهَا، فَوَضَعَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: " مَا هَذَا "؟ قَالَ: هَدِيَّةٌ لَكَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: " كُلُوا "، قَالَ: " ⦗٥٤٢⦘ لِمَنْ أَنْتَ "؟، قَالَ: لِقَوْمٍ، قَالَ: " فَاطْلُبْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يُكَاتِبُوكَ "، قَالَ: فَكَاتَبُونِي عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا نَخْلَةً أَغْرِسُهَا لَهُمْ، وَيَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا سَلْمَانُ حَتَّى تُطْعِمَ، قَالَ: فَفَعَلُوا، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَغَرَسَ النَّخْلَ كُلَّهُ إِلَّا نَخْلَةً وَاحِدَةً غَرَسَهَا عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَأُطْعِمَ نَخْلُهُ مِنْ سَنَتِهِ إِلَّا تِلْكَ النَّخْلَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ غَرَسَهَا "؟ قَالُوا: عُمَرُ، فَغَرَسَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ يَدِهِ، فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْ عَامِهَا..
Abdullah bin Buraydah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Buraydah, may Allah be pleased with him) that when Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah, he placed a gift on a platter before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Salman, what is this?" He said: "It is charity (sadaqah) for you (peace and blessings be upon him) and your Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I do not eat charity." So he took it away. The next day he again placed something on a platter in the same way, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "What is this?" He said: "This is a gift for you (peace and blessings be upon him)." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them): "Eat." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "To whom do you belong?" He said: I am the slave of a people. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ask them to make a contract of manumission (mukatabah) with you." He says: They made a contract with me that I would plant such-and-such a number of date palms for them, and that Salman would tend them until they bore fruit. They did so, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) planted all the palms except one, which Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) planted. All the palms bore fruit within the year except that palm. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Who planted this?" They said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). So he (peace and blessings be upon him) planted it again with his own blessed hand, and it too bore fruit that same year.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحِيرِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ فِي قِصَّةِ سَبَبِ إِسْلَامِهِ وَفِيهِ: قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَاتِبْ يَا سَلْمَانُ "، فَكَاتَبْتُ صَاحِبِي عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ نَخْلَةٍ أُحْيِيهَا، وَأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، وَأَعَانَنِي أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالنَّخْلِ ثَلَاثِينَ وَدِيَّةً، وَعِشْرِينَ وَدِيَّةً وَعَشْرًا، كَلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا عِنْدَهُ، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْحَفْرِ، قَالَ: وَخَرَجَ مَعِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى جَاءَهَا، فَكُنَّا نَحْمِلُ إِلَيْهِ الْوَدِيَّ وَيَضَعُهُ بِيَدِهِ وَيُسَوِّي عَلَيْهَا، فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ مَا مَاتَتْ مِنْهَا وَدِيَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَبَقِيَتْ عَلَيَّ الدَّرَاهِمُ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْمَعَادِنِ بِمِثْلِ الْبَيْضَةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَيْنَ الْفَارِسِيُّ الْمُسْلِمُ الْمُكَاتَبُ "؟ فَدُعِيتُ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: " خُذْ هَذِهِ يَا سَلْمَانُ فَأَدِّ مَا عَلَيْكَ "، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَأَيْنَ تَقَعُ هَذِهِ مِمَّا عَلَيَّ؟ قَالَ: " فَإِنَّ اللهَ سَيؤَدِّي بِهَا عَنْكَ "، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ سَلْمَانَ بِيَدِهِ لَوَزَنْتُ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً فَأَدَّيْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمْ، وَعَتَقَ سَلْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى زِيَادَةٌ فِي عَدَدِ الْفَسِيلَاتِ، وَفِيهَا اشْتِرَاطُ الْحُرِّيَةِ، وَإِنْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهَا لَمْ تَعْلَقْ، وَهِيَ مَا لَمْ يَغْرِسْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَفِي الرِّوَايَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ نُقْصَانٌ عَنْ عَدَدِ الْفَسِيلَاتِ وَزِيَادَةُ الْأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، وَفِي كِلْتَيْهِمَا مَعَ الرِّوَايَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بِشَرْطِ الْعُلُوقِ أَوِ الْإِطْعَامِ، وَكَأَنَّ الْعَقْدَ كَانَ مَعَ الْكُفَّارِ وَكَأَنَّ الْقَصْدَ مِنْهُ حُصُولُ الْعِتَاقِ، فَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي اشْتِرَاطِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ: " اشْتَرِطْ لَهُمْ "، لِكَوْنِهِ شَرْطًا صَحِيحًا فِي حُصُولِ الْعِتَاقِ بِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَقْدُ الْكِتَابَةِ يُفْسَدُ بِهِ..
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that Salman al-Farisi (may Allah be pleased with him) related the story of his accepting Islam. In it is that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Salman, make a contract of manumission (mukatabah)." So I made a contract with my masters to bring three hundred date palms to life and to pay forty uqiyahs. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me (saplings), some 30, some 20, some 10, each according to his means. In another narration it is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went out with me, and we were carrying the young palm shoots; he (peace and blessings be upon him) would take the shoot in his hand and set it level in the ground. By Allah, not a single shoot perished. The dirhams remained due from me, and a man brought gold the size of an egg. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Where is the Persian Muslim mukatab?" I was called, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Salman, take this and pay off what you owe." I said: O Messenger of Allah, how will this pay off what I owe? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah will pay it off for you by means of it." By the One in whose hand is the soul of Salman, I weighed out 40 uqiyahs from it for them and gave it to them, and Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) was freed.
The Shaykh says: In the first narration the number of trees is greater, and the condition is freedom, and one of the trees, which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had not planted, did not take; in the third narration the number of trees is smaller, with the addition of 40 uqiyahs; and in the second narration there is the condition of the trees bearing fruit. This was an agreement with the disbelievers for freedom, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted making such a condition.
The Shaykh says: In the first narration the number of trees is greater, and the condition is freedom, and one of the trees, which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had not planted, did not take; in the third narration the number of trees is smaller, with the addition of 40 uqiyahs; and in the second narration there is the condition of the trees bearing fruit. This was an agreement with the disbelievers for freedom, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted making such a condition.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، أنبأ حَاتِمُ بْنُ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ صُوحَانَ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ، فِي قِصَّةِ إِسْلَامِهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لِمَنْ أَنْتَ "؟ قُلْتُ: لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ جَعَلَتْنِي فِي حَائِطٍ لَهَا، قَالَ: " يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ "، قَالَ: لَبَّيْكَ، قَالَ: " اشْتَرِهِ "، قَالَ: فَاشْتَرَانِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَأَعْتَقَنِي. . وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ الرِّوَايَاتِ قَبْلَهُ، وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَتَاقُهُ لَمْ يَحْصُلْ بِأَنْ لَمْ يَعْلُقْ مِنَ الْفَسِيلَاتِ وَاحِدَةٌ حَتَّى أَعَادَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَرْسَهَا فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْ عَامِهَا ⦗٥٤٣⦘ فَاشْتَرَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَأَعْتَقَهُ، وَيُحْتَمَلُ غَيْرُهُ، وَاللهُ أَعْلمُ، وَفِي ثُبُوتِ بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ نَظَرٌ..
Zayd bin Suhan says regarding the story of the Islam of Sayyiduna Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Whose slave are you?" I said: "Of a woman of the Ansar, who has put me to work in her garden." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)!" He said: "O Messenger of Allah, at your service." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Buy him." So Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) bought me and set me free.
Note: This narration differs from the earlier narrations. It is possible that he did not obtain his freedom because one tree did not bear fruit, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replanted it with his own hand, and that in the meantime Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) bought him.
The authenticity of some of these narrations is open to question.
Note: This narration differs from the earlier narrations. It is possible that he did not obtain his freedom because one tree did not bear fruit, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replanted it with his own hand, and that in the meantime Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) bought him.
The authenticity of some of these narrations is open to question.
