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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المكاتب
Book of the Mukatab
باب: : من قال: لا يعتق المكاتب حتى يكون في الكتابة: فإذا أديت هذا، أو نصفه فأنت حر.
Chapter: One who said the mukatab is not freed unless the contract states: When you have paid this, or half of it, you are free
Bayhaqi 21626 — One who said the mukatab is not freed unless
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحِيرِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لَبِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ فِي قِصَّةِ سَبَبِ إِسْلَامِهِ وَفِيهِ: قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كَاتِبْ يَا سَلْمَانُ "، فَكَاتَبْتُ صَاحِبِي عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ نَخْلَةٍ أُحْيِيهَا، وَأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، وَأَعَانَنِي أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالنَّخْلِ ثَلَاثِينَ وَدِيَّةً، وَعِشْرِينَ وَدِيَّةً وَعَشْرًا، كَلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا عِنْدَهُ، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْحَفْرِ، قَالَ: وَخَرَجَ مَعِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى جَاءَهَا، فَكُنَّا نَحْمِلُ إِلَيْهِ الْوَدِيَّ وَيَضَعُهُ بِيَدِهِ وَيُسَوِّي عَلَيْهَا، فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ مَا مَاتَتْ مِنْهَا وَدِيَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَبَقِيَتْ عَلَيَّ الدَّرَاهِمُ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْمَعَادِنِ بِمِثْلِ الْبَيْضَةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَيْنَ الْفَارِسِيُّ الْمُسْلِمُ الْمُكَاتَبُ "؟ فَدُعِيتُ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: " خُذْ هَذِهِ يَا سَلْمَانُ فَأَدِّ مَا عَلَيْكَ "، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَأَيْنَ تَقَعُ هَذِهِ مِمَّا عَلَيَّ؟ قَالَ: " فَإِنَّ اللهَ سَيؤَدِّي بِهَا عَنْكَ "، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ سَلْمَانَ بِيَدِهِ لَوَزَنْتُ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً فَأَدَّيْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمْ، وَعَتَقَ سَلْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى زِيَادَةٌ فِي عَدَدِ الْفَسِيلَاتِ، وَفِيهَا اشْتِرَاطُ الْحُرِّيَةِ، وَإِنْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهَا لَمْ تَعْلَقْ، وَهِيَ مَا لَمْ يَغْرِسْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَفِي الرِّوَايَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ نُقْصَانٌ عَنْ عَدَدِ الْفَسِيلَاتِ وَزِيَادَةُ الْأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، وَفِي كِلْتَيْهِمَا مَعَ الرِّوَايَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بِشَرْطِ الْعُلُوقِ أَوِ الْإِطْعَامِ، وَكَأَنَّ الْعَقْدَ كَانَ مَعَ الْكُفَّارِ وَكَأَنَّ الْقَصْدَ مِنْهُ حُصُولُ الْعِتَاقِ، فَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي اشْتِرَاطِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ: " اشْتَرِطْ لَهُمْ "، لِكَوْنِهِ شَرْطًا صَحِيحًا فِي حُصُولِ الْعِتَاقِ بِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَقْدُ الْكِتَابَةِ يُفْسَدُ بِهِ..
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says that Salman al-Farisi (may Allah be pleased with him) related the story of his accepting Islam. In it is that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Salman, make a contract of manumission (mukatabah)." So I made a contract with my masters to bring three hundred date palms to life and to pay forty uqiyahs. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave me (saplings), some 30, some 20, some 10, each according to his means. In another narration it is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went out with me, and we were carrying the young palm shoots; he (peace and blessings be upon him) would take the shoot in his hand and set it level in the ground. By Allah, not a single shoot perished. The dirhams remained due from me, and a man brought gold the size of an egg. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Where is the Persian Muslim mukatab?" I was called, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Salman, take this and pay off what you owe." I said: O Messenger of Allah, how will this pay off what I owe? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah will pay it off for you by means of it." By the One in whose hand is the soul of Salman, I weighed out 40 uqiyahs from it for them and gave it to them, and Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) was freed.
The Shaykh says: In the first narration the number of trees is greater, and the condition is freedom, and one of the trees, which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had not planted, did not take; in the third narration the number of trees is smaller, with the addition of 40 uqiyahs; and in the second narration there is the condition of the trees bearing fruit. This was an agreement with the disbelievers for freedom, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted making such a condition.
The Shaykh says: In the first narration the number of trees is greater, and the condition is freedom, and one of the trees, which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had not planted, did not take; in the third narration the number of trees is smaller, with the addition of 40 uqiyahs; and in the second narration there is the condition of the trees bearing fruit. This was an agreement with the disbelievers for freedom, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted making such a condition.
