السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العتق
Book of Freeing Slaves
باب: : من يعتق بالملك.
Who is freed by ownership
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْحُرْفِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا أَبُو النَّضْرِ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ - يَعْنِي: ابْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: " إِنَّ بَنِي هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ اسْتَأْذَنُونِي فِي أَنْ يُنْكِحُوا ابْنَتَهُمْ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَلَا آذَنُ، ثُمَّ لَا آذَنُ، وَإِنَّمَا ابْنَتِي بَضْعَةٌ مِنِّي، يَرِيبُنِي مَا رَابَهَا، وَيُؤْذِينِي مَا آذَاهَا. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، عَنِ اللَّيْثِ. فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّ وَلَدَهُ بَعْضٌ مِنْهُ، وَالْعَبْدُ إِذَا مَلَكَ نَفْسَهُ بِأَدَاءِ مَالِ الْكِتَابَةِ أَوْ بِابْتِيَاعِ نَفْسِهِ عَتَقَ، فَكَذَلِكَ الْحُرُّ إِذَا مَلَكَ وَلَدَهُ فَقَدْ مَلَكَ بَعْضَهُ، وَإِذَا مَلَكَ وَالِدَهُ فَقَدْ مَلَكَ مَنْ هُوَ بَعْضٌ مِنْهُ، فَوَجَبَ أَنْ يَعْتِقَ..
Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying while he was on the pulpit: "The Banu Hisham bin al-Mughirah have asked my permission to marry their daughter to Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). I will not give them permission. My daughter is a part of me; whoever troubles her troubles me, and whoever hurts her hurts me."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ، ثنا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، أنبأ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا ⦗٤٨٨⦘ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالَ: ذَكَرَ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا يَجْزِي وَلَدٌ وَالِدَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِدَهُ مَمْلُوكًا فَيَشْتَرِيَهُ فَيُعْتِقَهُ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ. وَقَوْلُهُ: " فَيَشْتَرِيَهُ فَيُعْتِقَهُ "، يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يُرِيدَ بِهِ فَيُعْتِقَهُ بِالشِّرَاءِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ..
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A child cannot repay his father, except in one case: that he finds the father a slave, buys him and frees him."
His words "buys him and frees him" possibly mean that he frees him by the purchase itself; and Allah knows best.
His words "buys him and frees him" possibly mean that he frees him by the purchase itself; and Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْبُرْسَانِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، وَقَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا مَحْرَمٍ مِنْ ذِي رَحِمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ "..
Samurah bin Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever comes to own a mahram relative, that relative is free."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَا: ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: قَالَ مُوسَى فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ: عَنْ سَمُرَةَ فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ حَمَّادٌ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ ". قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: لَمْ يُحَدِّثْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ إِلَّا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، وَقَدْ شَكَّ فِيهِ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَقَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي عَنْهُ: سَأَلْتُ الْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَحَمَّادٌ يَشُكُّ فِي ذِكْرِ سَمُرَةَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ، عَنْ ⦗٤٨٩⦘ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَغَيْرُ حَمَّادٍ يَرْوِيهِ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ..
Sayyiduna Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (and Musa, in another place, said: from Samurah, as far as Hammad thought) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever comes to own a mahram relative, that relative is free."
Abu Dawud said: No one narrated this hadith except Hammad bin Salamah, and he had doubt about it. Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi said, according to what reached me from him: I asked al-Bukhari about this hadith, and he did not know it from al-Hasan from Samurah except as the hadith of Hammad bin Salamah. Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Hammad was in doubt about mentioning Samurah in its chain, as we mentioned earlier from Musa bin Isma'il; others besides Hammad narrate it from Qatadah from Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and from Qatadah from al-Hasan as his own saying.
Abu Dawud said: No one narrated this hadith except Hammad bin Salamah, and he had doubt about it. Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi said, according to what reached me from him: I asked al-Bukhari about this hadith, and he did not know it from al-Hasan from Samurah except as the hadith of Hammad bin Salamah. Al-Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Hammad was in doubt about mentioning Samurah in its chain, as we mentioned earlier from Musa bin Isma'il; others besides Hammad narrate it from Qatadah from Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and from Qatadah from al-Hasan as his own saying.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَنْبَارِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ "..
Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): "Whoever becomes the owner of a relative within the prohibited degrees (mahram), that relative becomes free."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ مِثْلَهُ. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَسَعِيدٌ أَحْفَظُ مِنْ حَمَّادٍ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ وَهِمَ فِيهِ رَاوِيهِ.
Qatadah narrated the same from Jabir bin Zayd and al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on them).
Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sa'id has a better memory than Hammad.
Ahmad (al-Bayhaqi) said: It has also been narrated through another chain in which its narrator erred.
Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sa'id has a better memory than Hammad.
Ahmad (al-Bayhaqi) said: It has also been narrated through another chain in which its narrator erred.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ اللَّخْمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمَعْمَرِيُّ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو عُمَيْرِ بْنُ النَّحَّاسِ، ثنا ضَمْرَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ ". قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: لَمْ يَرْوِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ إِلَّا ضَمْرَةُ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " الْمَحْفُوظُ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ حَدِيثُ نَهْيٍ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَبُو عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ ضَمُرَةَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ مَعَ الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ ". ⦗٤٩٠⦘.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Man malaka dha rahimin mahramin fa-huwa 'atiq' "Whoever becomes the owner of a relative whom it is unlawful (to marry), that relative is free."
Sulayman (may Allah have mercy on him) said that no one narrated this hadith from Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) except Damrah. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The preserved (mahfuz) hadith with this chain is the one about 'Naha 'an bay' al-wala' wa 'an hibatihi' "(The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) forbade selling wala' and giving it as a gift", and Abu Umayr did narrate it from Damrah, from al-Thawri, together with the first hadith. [Munkar]
Sulayman (may Allah have mercy on him) said that no one narrated this hadith from Sufyan (may Allah have mercy on him) except Damrah. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The preserved (mahfuz) hadith with this chain is the one about 'Naha 'an bay' al-wala' wa 'an hibatihi' "(The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) forbade selling wala' and giving it as a gift", and Abu Umayr did narrate it from Damrah, from al-Thawri, together with the first hadith. [Munkar]
أَخْبَرَنَا بِالْحَدِيثَيْنِ جَمِيعًا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُونُسَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا أَبُو عُمَيْرٍ عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النَّحَّاسِ، فَذَكَرَهُمَا جَمِيعًا، فَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ..
This is another chain of the previous hadith.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحٍ الْجُنْدِيسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَرْبٍ الْجُنْدِيسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا أَشْعَثُ بْنُ عَطَّافٍ، ثنا الْعَرْزَمِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: صَالِحٌ بِأَخِيهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ أَخِي هَذَا، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ أَعْتَقَهُ حِينَ مَلَكْتَهُ ". قَالَ عَلِيٌّ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: الْعَرْزَمِيُّ تَرَكَهُ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَيَحْيَى الْقَطَّانُ، وَابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ. قَالَ: وَأَبُو النَّضْرِ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ مَتْرُوكٌ، وَأَيْضًا هُوَ الْقَائِلُ: كُلُّ مَا حَدَّثْتُ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ كَذِبٌ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِنَحْوِهِ، وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ، وَحَفْصٌ هُوَ ابْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْقَارِيُّ، ضَعَّفَهُ شُعْبَةُ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ..
Abu Salih (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man named Salih came with his brother and said: "O Messenger of Allah! I want to free this brother of mine." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He became free the very moment you became his owner."
Ali al-Daraqutni (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Al-Arzami was abandoned by Ibn al-Mubarak, Yahya al-Qattan and Ibn Mahdi. And Abu al-Nadr is Muhammad bin al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi, who is matruk (abandoned); and he is also the one who said: Everything I have narrated from Abu Salih is a lie.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is also narrated from Hafs bin Abi Dawud, from Muhammad bin Abi Layla, from Ata, from Ibn Abbas in similar words, and this chain is weak; Hafs is Ibn Sulayman al-Qari, whom Shu'bah, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Yahya bin Ma'in and others declared weak.
Ali al-Daraqutni (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Al-Arzami was abandoned by Ibn al-Mubarak, Yahya al-Qattan and Ibn Mahdi. And Abu al-Nadr is Muhammad bin al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi, who is matruk (abandoned); and he is also the one who said: Everything I have narrated from Abu Salih is a lie.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is also narrated from Hafs bin Abi Dawud, from Muhammad bin Abi Layla, from Ata, from Ibn Abbas in similar words, and this chain is weak; Hafs is Ibn Sulayman al-Qari, whom Shu'bah, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Yahya bin Ma'in and others declared weak.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، أنبأ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْكَجِّيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، أنبأ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ ".
Al-Aswad (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Whoever becomes the owner of a close relative, that relative is free."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو مُوسَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، ثنا الضَّحَّاكُ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ "، أَوْ: " ذَا مَحْرَمٍ "، شَكَّ الضَّحَّاكُ..
Al-Aswad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): "Whoever becomes the owner of a relative within the prohibited degrees (dhu mahram), that relative is free."
(b) Another narration says: "A dhu mahram does not remain a slave."
(b) Another narration says: "A dhu mahram does not remain a slave."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْجَرَّاحِيُّ بِمَرْوَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا خَلَفُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَغَيْلَانَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ عَمِّي زَوَّجَنِي جَارِيَةً لَهُ، وَإِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْتَرِقَّ وَلَدِي، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ: " لَيْسَ ذَاكَ لَهُ " وَرُوِيَ عَنْ رَوْحٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، فَهُوَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا حَسَنٌ. وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا..
Al-Mustawrid (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a man came to Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: My uncle has married me to his slave girl, and he wants to make my children his slaves. Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: That is not his right.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرَّفَّاءُ، أنبأ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: " إِذَا مَلَكَ الْوَلَدُ الْوَالِدَ عَتَقَ الْوَالِدُ، وَإِنْ مَلَكَ الْوَالِدُ الْوَلَدَ عَتَقَ الْوَلَدُ ". وَأَمَّا مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْقَرَابَةِ فَيَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ. قَالَ الْقَاضِي: وَقَالَ عِيسَى بْنُ مِينَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، فَاخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ النَّاسُ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْهُمْ، وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: " إِذَا ابْتَاعَ الرَّجُلُ شِقْصًا مِنْ أَبِيهِ، أَوْ أُمِّهِ عَتَقَ ذَلِكَ الشِّقْصُ، وَقُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ مَا بَقِيَ، فَيُعْتَقُ كُلُّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ وَرِثَ مِنْهُ شِقْصًا وَلَمْ يَشْتَرِهِ عَتَقَ الشِّقْصُ، وَلَمْ يُقَوَّمْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَاقِي ".
Abd al-Rahman bin Abi al-Zinad narrates from his father, and he from the jurists whose word is relied upon, that when a child becomes the owner of the father, the father becomes free; and if the father becomes the owner of the child, the child becomes free. But concerning other relatives they differ.
The Qadi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibn Abi al-Zinad narrates from his father that when a man buys a share of his father or his mother, that share becomes free and the value of the remainder is charged to him, so that the whole person is freed at his expense. And if he inherited a share of him without buying it, that share becomes free and the remainder is not charged to him.
The Qadi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Ibn Abi al-Zinad narrates from his father that when a man buys a share of his father or his mother, that share becomes free and the value of the remainder is charged to him, so that the whole person is freed at his expense. And if he inherited a share of him without buying it, that share becomes free and the remainder is not charged to him.
