السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: كتاب القاضي إلى القاضي، والقاضي إلى الأمير، والأمير إلى القاضي
The letter of a judge to a judge, of a judge to a governor, and of a governor to a judge
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو لَيْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ رِجَالٌ، مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ الْقَسَامَةِ وَفِيهِ قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبُوا أَنَّهُ: وَاللهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُكَيْمٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَرْضِ جُهَيْنَةَ، وَرُوِّينَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكِتَابٍ فِيهِ الْفَرَائِضُ وَالسُّنَنُ وَالدِّيَاتُ وَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ.
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the elders of his people informed him, and he mentioned the hadith of qasamah. In it is that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to them about it, and they wrote back: "By Allah, we did not kill him."
(b) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Ukaym (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to the land of Juhaynah.
(c) Sayyiduna Amr bin Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote a letter to the people of Yemen, in which he wrote about the obligatory shares, the sunnahs and the blood-monies, and this letter was read out to the people of Yemen.
(b) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Ukaym (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to the land of Juhaynah.
(c) Sayyiduna Amr bin Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote a letter to the people of Yemen, in which he wrote about the obligatory shares, the sunnahs and the blood-monies, and this letter was read out to the people of Yemen.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي: عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنِي ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ أَنَسًا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَتَبَ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ لَمَّا وَجَّهَهُ إِلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ: " بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذِهِ فَرَائِضُ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي فَرَضَهَا اللهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهَا رَسُولَهَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَمَنْ سُئِلَهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا فَلْيُعْطَهَا، وَمَنْ سُئِلَ فَوْقَهَا فَلَا يُعْطَ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) sent him to Bahrain, he wrote a letter: 'Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). "This is the zakah that Allah Almighty has made obligatory upon the people, which Allah Almighty commanded His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). Whoever asks the Muslims for it is to be given it, but if anyone demands more than that, it is not to be given to him."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الْأَحْوَلِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، أَنَّ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ فَرْقَدٍ، بَعَثَ إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَعَهَ، وَمَعَ غُلَامٍ لِعُتْبَةَ مِنْ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ بِخَبِيصٍ جَيِّدٍ صَنَعَهُ فِي السَّلَالِيِّ عَلَيْهَا اللُّبُودُ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَشَفَ عُمَرُ عَنِ الْخَبِيصِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَيَشْبَعُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي رِحَالِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا؟ "، فَقَالَ الرَّسُولُ: اللهُمَّ لَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " لَا أُرِيدُ "، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُتْبَةَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ كَدِّكَ وَلَا مِنْ كَدِّ أَبِيكَ، وَلَا مِنْ كَدِّ أُمِّكَ، فَأَشْبِعْ مَنْ قِبَلَكَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي رِحَالِهِمْ مِمَّا تَشْبَعُ مِنْهُ فِي ⦗٢١٨⦘ رَحْلِكَ "، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " ائْتَزِرُوا وَارْتَدُوا وَانْتَعِلُوا وَأَلْقُوا السَّرَاوِيلَاتِ وَالْخِفَافَ وَارْمُوا الْأَغْرَاضَ وَأَلْقُوا الرُّكَبَ وَانْزُوا نَزْوًا وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمَعَدِّيَّةِ وَالْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَذَرُوا التَّنَعُّمَ وَزِيَّ الْعَجَمِ وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَلِبْسَ الْحَرِيرِ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " نَهَانَا عَنْ لِبْسِ الْحَرِيرِ إِلَّا هَكَذَا، وَوَضَعَ أُصْبُعَهُ السَّبَابَةَ وَالْوُسْطَى " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مُخْتَصَرًا كَمَا مَضَى.
Abu Uthman (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Utbah bin Farqad (may Allah be pleased with him) sent fine khabis (a sweet) from Azerbaijan to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) with him (Abu Uthman) and with a slave of his; he had it prepared in baskets covered with felt. When he reached Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he uncovered the sweet. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: Do the Muslims in their homes eat their fill of this? The messenger answered no. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I do not want it. And he wrote to Sayyiduna Utbah (may Allah be pleased with him): This is not from your earnings, nor from the earnings of your father or your mother; so feed the Muslims around you, in their homes, their fill of what you eat your fill of in your own home. Then he said: Wear the waist-wrap, the upper wrap and sandals; take off trousers and leather socks; shoot at targets; leave the stirrups and leap onto your mounts; hold fast to the ways of Ma'add and the Arabs; abandon luxury and the dress of the non-Arabs; and beware of wearing silk, for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade us from wearing silk: "Only the width of two fingers, the middle finger and the index finger, is permitted."
