السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: لا ينبغي للقاضي ولا للوالي أن يتخذ كاتبا ذميا ولا يضع الذمي في موضع يتفضل فيه مسلما
The judge and the ruler should not appoint a dhimmi as scribe, nor place a dhimmi in a position above a Muslim
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رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ " وَاللَّفْظُ عَامٌّ.
It has reached us in the Book of Siyar, through Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him), from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will never seek help from a polytheist." And the wording (of this hadith) is general.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْحُرشِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَتَعَلَّمْتُ لَهُ كِتَابَ يَهُودَ، وَقَالَ: " إِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا آمَنُ يَهُودَ عَلَى كِتَابِي "، فَتَعَلَّمْتُهُ، فَلَمْ يَمُرَّ بِي نِصْفُ شَهْرٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: " إِلَّا نِصْفُ شَهْرٍ حَتَّى ⦗٢١٦⦘ حَذَقْتُهُ "، قَالَ أَبِي: " فَكُنْتُ أَكْتُبُ لَهُ إِذَا كَتَبَ، وَأَقْرَأُ لَهُ إِذَا كُتِبَ إِلَيْهِ ".
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed me to learn the writing of the Jews, and he said: "By Allah, I do not feel safe with the Jews in the matter of my writing." I learned the writing within half a month.
Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I became proficient in it within half a month. My father said: I used to write for him (peace and blessings be upon him) when a letter was to be written, and I would read for him when a letter came.
Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I became proficient in it within half a month. My father said: I used to write for him (peace and blessings be upon him) when a letter was to be written, and I would read for him when a letter came.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَنِينِ، ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنِ الْعَوَّامِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنِ الْأَزْهَرِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُحَدِّثُ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَإِذَا حَدَّثَهُمْ بِحَدِيثٍ لَا يَدْرُونَ مَا هُوَ، أَتَوُا الْحَسَنَ فَفَسَّرَ لَهُمْ، فَحَدَّثَهُمْ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا تَسْتَضِيئُوا بِنَارِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَا تَنْقُشُوا فِي خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِيًّا "، فَأَتَوَا الْحَسَنَ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ أَنَسًا حَدَّثَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِحَدِيثٍ، لَا نَدْرِي مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا حَدَّثَكُمْ؟ فَذَكَرُوهُ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِي خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِيًّا، فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِي خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ مُحَمَّدًا، وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " لَا تَسْتَضِيئُوا بِنَارِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ " فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: لَا تَسْتَشِيرُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ أُمُورِكُمْ، وَتَصْدِيقُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلِّ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا بِطَانَةً مِنْ دُونِكُمْ لَا يَأْلُونَكُمْ خَبَالًا} [آل عمران: ١١٨] ".
Azhar bin Rashid said: Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) used to narrate hadiths to his students, and when he narrated something to them that they did not understand, they would go to Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) to learn its explanation. One day Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated a hadith to them, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not seek light from the fire of the polytheists, and do not engrave Arabic on your rings." The students of Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) and said: Today Anas narrated a hadith to us whose meaning we do not know. He asked: What did he narrate to you? They mentioned it. He said: Yes. As for his saying, 'Do not engrave Arabic on your rings,' it means: do not engrave 'Muhammad' on your rings. And as for his saying, 'Do not seek light from the fire of the polytheists,' it means: do not consult the polytheists in any of your affairs. The confirmation of this is in the Book of Allah: "O you who believe, do not take as intimates those other than yourselves; they will spare no effort to ruin you." [Surah Al Imran: 118]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ إِمْلَاءً، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَبُوعَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أنبأ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عِيَاضًا الْأَشْعَرِيَّ، أَنَّ أَبَا مُوسَى، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَفَدَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَمَعَهُ كَاتَبٌ نَصْرَانِيُّ، فَأَعْجَبَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَا رَأَى مِنْ حِفْظِهِ، فَقَالَ: " قُلْ لِكَاتِبِكَ يَقْرَأْ لَنَا كِتَابًا "، قَالَ: إِنَّهُ نَصْرَانِيٌّ، لَا يَدْخُلُ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَانْتَهَرَهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَهَمَّ بِهِ، وَقَالَ: " لَا تُكْرِمُوهُمْ إِذْ أَهَانَهُمُ اللهُ، وَلَا تُدْنُوهُمْ إِذْ أَقْصَاهُمُ اللهُ، وَلَا تَأْتَمِنُوهُمْ إِذْ خَوَّنَهُمُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ".
Iyad al-Ash'ari (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) came with a delegation to Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), and with him was a Christian scribe. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was greatly impressed when he saw his memory. He said: Tell your scribe to read us a letter. Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He is a Christian; he does not enter the mosque. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) rebuked him and was about to punish him, and said: Do not honour them when Allah has humiliated them, do not bring them near when Allah has kept them distant, and do not trust them when Allah has declared them untrustworthy.
