السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الأيمان
Book of Oaths
باب: من نذر نذرا في معصية الله
One who vows to do an act of disobedience to Allah
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: أَصْلُ مَعْقُولِ قَوْلِ عَطَاءٍ فِي هَذَا: أَنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ، وَلَا كَفَّارَةٌ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَإِنَّمَا أَبْطَلَ اللهُ النَّذْرَ فِي الْبَحِيرَةِ وَالسَّائِبَةِ أَنَّهَا مَعْصِيَةٌ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةً، وَبِذَلِكَ جَاءَتِ السُّنَّةُ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The rational basis of the view of Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) on this is that he held that there is neither making up nor expiation owed by him."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah Almighty declared the vow regarding the bahirah and the sa'ibah (animals) void only because it is disobedience, and He did not mention any expiation for it, and the Sunnah has come in accordance with this."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah Almighty declared the vow regarding the bahirah and the sa'ibah (animals) void only because it is disobedience, and He did not mention any expiation for it, and the Sunnah has come in accordance with this."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، وَابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْأَيْلِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَرَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ، وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، وَأَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.
Al-Qasim bin Muhammad narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever vows to obey (Allah), let him obey Him; and whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not disobey Him."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَعَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمَةَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ، وَلَا فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ ". قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَكَانَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيِّ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ نَذَرَتْ وَهَرَبَتْ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنْ نَجَّاهَا اللهُ عَلَيْهَا لَتَنْحَرَنَّهَا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، وَأَخَذَ نَاقَتَهُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهَا أَنْ تَنْحَرَ مِثْلَهَا، وَلَا تُكَفِّرَ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَبِذَلِكَ نَقُولُ: إِنَّ مَنْ نَذَرَ تَبَرُّرًا أَنْ يَنْحَرَ مَالَ غَيْرِهِ، فَالنَّذْرُ سَاقِطٌ عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ نَذَرَ مَا لَا يُطِيقُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَهُ بِحَالٍ سَقَطَ النَّذْرُ عَنْهُ، لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَمْلِكُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَهُ، فَهُوَ كَمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ مَا سِوَاهُ ".
Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no vow in disobedience, nor in what the son of Adam does not own."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: In the narration of Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi with this chain: A woman of the Ansar fled on a she-camel belonging to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and vowed that if Allah saved her on it, she would slaughter it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said these words and took his she-camel.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order her to slaughter one like it, nor to give expiation.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So we hold that whoever vows, as an act of piety, to slaughter someone else's property, the vow falls away from him; and whoever vows what he cannot do in any way, the vow falls away from him, because he has no power to do it, so it is like what he does not own.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: In the narration of Abd al-Wahhab al-Thaqafi with this chain: A woman of the Ansar fled on a she-camel belonging to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and vowed that if Allah saved her on it, she would slaughter it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said these words and took his she-camel.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not order her to slaughter one like it, nor to give expiation.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: So we hold that whoever vows, as an act of piety, to slaughter someone else's property, the vow falls away from him; and whoever vows what he cannot do in any way, the vow falls away from him, because he has no power to do it, so it is like what he does not own.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، ثنا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ الطَّائِيُّ قَالَ: " قُلْتُ لِلشَّعْبِيِّ: رَجُلٌ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ ابْنَهُ؟ "، فَقَالَ: " لَعَلَّكَ مِنَ الْقَيَّاسِينَ، مَا عَلِمْتُ أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ كَانَ أَطْلَبَ لَعِلْمٍ فِي أُفُقٍ مِنَ الْآفَاقِ مِنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: " لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ ".
Ayyub bin A'idh al-Ta'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I said to al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him): "A man vowed that he would slaughter his son." He said: "It seems you are one of those who rely on analogy. I do not know anyone among the people who sought knowledge across the regions more than Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him)." He said: "There is no vow in disobedience."
