السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الأيمان
Book of Oaths
باب: الخلاف في النذر الذي يخرجه مخرج اليمين
The disagreement about a vow made in the form of an oath
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قَدْ مَضَى قَوْلُ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ وَمَنْ قَالَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ فِي أَنَّهُ يَمِينٌ، يُكَفِّرُهُ مَا يُكَفِّرُ الْيَمِينَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ قَالَ غَيْرُهُ: يَتَصَدَّقُ بِجَمِيعِ مَا يَمْلِكُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَيَحْبِسُ قَدْرَ مَا يَقُوتُهُ، فَإِذَا أَيْسَرَ، تَصَدَّقَ بِالَّذِي حَبَسَ "، وَذَهَبَ غَيْرُهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ، وَغَيْرُهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِالزَّكَاةِ ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: أَمَّا الْمَذْهَبُ الْأَوَّلُ، فَيُحْكَى عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعِرَاقيِّينَ، وَأَمَّا الثَّانِي فَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ وَاحْتَجَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ ذَهَبَ مَذْهَبَهُ بِمَا:.
The view of Ata' bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him), and of those Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) who said the like of his view, has already passed: that this is an oath, and its expiation is the same as the expiation of an oath.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Someone other than him said: He gives away in charity everything he owns, though he also said: He keeps back the amount that suffices for his sustenance, and when he becomes well-off, he gives away in charity what he had kept back.
Another (scholar) held that he gives a third of his wealth in charity, and another that he gives (the amount of) zakah in charity."
Al-Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for the first view, it is reported from some scholars of Iraq; as for the second, it is the view of Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him), and some of those who follow his view have argued from the following narration."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Someone other than him said: He gives away in charity everything he owns, though he also said: He keeps back the amount that suffices for his sustenance, and when he becomes well-off, he gives away in charity what he had kept back.
Another (scholar) held that he gives a third of his wealth in charity, and another that he gives (the amount of) zakah in charity."
Al-Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "As for the first view, it is reported from some scholars of Iraq; as for the second, it is the view of Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him), and some of those who follow his view have argued from the following narration."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ بَنِي السَّائِبِ بْنِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ أَنَّ أَبَا لُبَابَةَ حِينَ ارْتَبَطَ فَتَابَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ مِنْ تَوْبَتِي أَنْ أَهْجُرَ دَارَ قَوْمِي الَّتِي أَصَبْتُ فِيهَا الذَّنْبَ، وَأُجَاوِرَكَ، وَأَنْ أَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ مَالِي صَدَقَةً إِلَى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ "، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يُجْزِئُ عَنْكَ الثُّلُثُ مِنْ مَالِكَ ". وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا لُبَابَةَ. وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الزُّبَيْدِيُّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ أَنَّ جَدَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا لُبَابَةَ حِينَ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَذَكَرَهُ. ⦗١١٦⦘ وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ نَحْوَهُ.
Some of the sons of al-Sa'ib bin Abi Lubabah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Sayyiduna Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) tied himself to the pillar and Allah Almighty accepted his repentance, he said: "O Messenger of Allah, I want to leave my house in which the sin occurred, live in your neighbourhood (peace and blessings be upon him), and spend all my wealth in the way of Allah." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Give a third of your wealth in charity; that will suffice."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَوْ أَبُو لُبَابَةَ، أَوْ مَنْ شَاءَ اللهُ: إِنَّ مِنْ تَوْبَتِي أَنْ أَهْجُرَ دَارَ قَوْمِيَ الَّتِي أَصَبْتُ فِيهَا الذَّنْبَ، وَأَنْ أَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ مُلْكِي كُلِّهِ صَدَقَةً "، قَالَ: " يُجْزِئُ عَنْكَ الثُّلُثُ "..
Ibn Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him) that he, or Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him), or whomever Allah willed, said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Part of my repentance is that I leave the house of my people in which I committed the sin, and that I part with all my property as charity." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Give only a third of your wealth in charity; that will suffice for you."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: " كَانَ أَبُو لُبَابَةَ، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: " وَالْقِصَّةُ لِأَبِي لُبَابَةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هُوَ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ فِي قِصَّةِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ فَأَمَّا مَا قَالَ لِكَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فَغَيْرُ مُقَدَّرٍ بِالثُّلُثِ ".
Ibn Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It was Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him), and he mentioned the same meaning. Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The story is about Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is with this wording in the story of Abu Lubabah; as for what he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Ka'b bin Malik, it was not fixed at a third.
Al-Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is with this wording in the story of Abu Lubabah; as for what he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Ka'b bin Malik, it was not fixed at a third.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ مَالِي صَدَقَةً إِلَى اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَمْسِكْ بَعْضَ مَالِكَ، فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ. وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ وَالْأَوَّلُ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ، وَلَا يَثْبُتُ مَوْصُولًا، وَلَا يَصِحُّ الِاحْتِجَاجُ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِمَالِهِ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى حِينَ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ بَعْضَ مَالِهِ كَمَا قَالَ لِكَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّهُ نَذَرَ شَيئًا، أَوْ حَلَفَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from his father that he said to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when his repentance was accepted: "O Messenger of Allah, I want to give my wealth in charity." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Keep some of your wealth; that is better for you."
This hadith is sahih (authentic), while the first one is disputed in its chain, is not established as connected (mawsul), and it is not valid to use it as evidence in this matter. Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to give his wealth in the way of Allah out of gratitude to Allah, so just as he (peace and blessings be upon him) had stopped Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) from giving all his wealth, he stopped Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) as well. It has not reached us that he made a vow or swore an oath.
This hadith is sahih (authentic), while the first one is disputed in its chain, is not established as connected (mawsul), and it is not valid to use it as evidence in this matter. Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) wanted to give his wealth in the way of Allah out of gratitude to Allah, so just as he (peace and blessings be upon him) had stopped Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) from giving all his wealth, he stopped Abu Lubabah (may Allah be pleased with him) as well. It has not reached us that he made a vow or swore an oath.
وَأَمَّا الْمَذْهَبُ الثَّالِثُ: فَفِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ بِهَا أنبأ زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي حَاضِرٍ ⦗١١٧⦘ قَالَ: حَلَفَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ آلِ ذِي أَصْبَحَ فَقَالَتْ: " مَالُهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَجَارِيَتُهَا حُرَّةٌ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا " لِشَيْءٍ يَكْرَهُهُ زَوْجُهَا، فَحَلَفَ زَوْجُهَا أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهُ، فَسُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ، فَقَالَا: " أَمَّا الْجَارِيَةُ فَتَعْتِقُ، وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهَا: مَالِي فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، فَتَصَدَّقُ بِزَكَاةِ مَالِهَا. كَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى جَوَازِ التَّكْفِيرِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ مَذْهَبٌ آخَرُ.
As for the third view, it is in this narration: Uthman bin Abi Hadir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A woman from the family of Dhu Asbah swore, saying: "Her wealth is in the way of Allah and her slave girl is free if he does not do such and such" — something her husband disliked — and her husband swore that he would not do it. Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas and Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) were asked about this, and they said: "The slave girl is free, but the zakah of her wealth is to be paid."
Thus it is in this narration; and we have narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas and Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) what indicates that expiation is permissible, and Allah knows best. Another view on this has also been narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
Thus it is in this narration; and we have narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas and Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) what indicates that expiation is permissible, and Allah knows best. Another view on this has also been narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ هُوَ ابْنُ مَطَرٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجُوَيْرِيَةِ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ مِائَةُ بَدَنَةٍ إِنْ كَلَّمَ أَخَاهُ؟ قَالَ: " يَهْدِي ثَلَاثِينَ بَدَنَةٍ، وَيُكَلِّمُ أَخَاهُ ".
Abu al-Juwayriyah reports that he heard Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) (asked) about a man who owed a hundred camels if he spoke to his brother: (he said) that he should sacrifice thirty camels and speak to his brother.
