السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الضحايا
Book of Sacrifices
باب: ما يحل للمضطر من مال الغير
What of another's property is lawful for one in dire need
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أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّيْخُ الزَّكِيُّ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُنْعِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْفَرَاوِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرنَا أَبُو الْمَعَالِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ الْحَافِظُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَيْهقِيُّ، وَأَنْبَأَنَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَشْيَاخِنَا عَنْ زَاهِرِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ الشَّحَّامِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ:.
Sayyiduna Abbad bin Shurahbil (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to Madinah while I was suffering severe hunger. I entered an orchard, took hold of a fruit-laden branch, ate from it, and put some into my garment. The owner of the orchard came; he beat me and also snatched from me the fruit I had picked. The narrator said: Then the two of us (the owner of the orchard and Abbad bin Shurahbil (may Allah be pleased with him)) went to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned the incident to him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If he did not know, you should have taught him; and you did not feed him, though he was hungry." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered a wasq of barley for me.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي خَلَفٍ الصُّوفِيُّ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ بِهَا، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزْدَادَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ يَحْيَى الرَّازِيُّ، أنبأ مُعَاذُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، أنبأ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى، أنبأ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَرْمِي نَخْلًا لِلْأَنْصَارِ، فَأَخَذُونِي، فَذَهَبُوا بِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا يَرْمِي نَخْلَنَا، فَقَالَ: " يَا رَافِعُ لِمَ تَرْمِي نَخْلَهُمْ؟ "، قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَجُوعُ، قَالَ: " لَا تَرْمِ، وَكُلْ مِمَّا يَقَعُ، أَشْبَعَكَ اللهُ، وَرَوَاكَ "..
Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was throwing stones at the date palms of the Ansar. They seized me, took me to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: This one was throwing stones at our date palms. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "O Rafi', why were you throwing stones at their date palms?" I said: O Messenger of Allah, I was hungry. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not throw stones; rather, eat what has fallen down. May Allah satisfy your hunger and quench your thirst."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْمُنَادِي، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ابْنُ أَخِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، ثنا أَبُو تُمَيْلَةَ، ⦗٤⦘ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي جُبَيْرٍ مَوْلَى الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْغِفَارِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: شَكَا نَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّ غُلَامًا مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ يَرْمِي نَخْلَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: " خُذُوهُ، فَأْتُونِي بِهِ "، فَإِذَا هُوَ رَافِعُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَخُو الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْغِفَارِيِّ.
Salih bin Abi Jubayr, the freed slave of Sayyiduna al-Hakam bin Amr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates from his father that some people of Madinah complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that a boy from Banu Ghifar was throwing stones at their date palms. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Seize him and bring him to me." It turned out to be Rafi' bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him), the brother of al-Hakam bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him).
This report is munqati' (its chain is broken).
This report is munqati' (its chain is broken).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ السَّمَّاكِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْمُنَادِي، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ابْنُ أَخِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، ثنا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي الْحَكَمِ الْغِفَارِيَّ يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَتْنِي جَدَّتِي، عَنْ عَمِّ أَبِي رَافِعِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْغِفَارِيِّ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ أَرْمِي نَخْلًا لِلْأَنْصَارِ، فَقِيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّ هَهُنَا غُلَامًا يَرْمِي نَخْلَنَا، قَالَ: قَالَ: " خُذُوهُ، فَأْتُونِي بِهِ "، قَالَ: " يَا غُلَامُ لِمَ تَرْمِي نَخْلَهُمْ؟ "، قَالَ: إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ آكُلَ، قَالَ: " لَا تَرْمِ نَخْلَهُمْ، وَكُلْ مِمَّا فِي أُصُولِهَا "، قَالَ: وَمَسَحَ رَأْسَ الْغُلَامِ، وَقَالَ: " اللهُمَّ أَشْبِعْ بَطْنَهُ ". رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُثْمَانَ ابْنَيْ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ مُعْتَمِرٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ.
Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Amr al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: When I was a boy, I used to throw stones at the date palms of the Ansar. It was mentioned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that there was a boy here who was throwing stones at our date palms. The narrator said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Seize him and bring him to me." He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "O boy, why do you throw stones at their date palms?" He said: I said: I want to eat. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not throw stones; rather, eat the fruit that has fallen down." The narrator said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) passed his hand over the boy's head and said: 'Allahumma ashbi' batnahu' (O Allah, fill his stomach).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَيْرٍ مَوْلَى آبِي اللَّحْمِ، قَالَ: أَقْبَلْتُ مَعَ سَادَتِي، نُرِيدُ الْهِجْرَةَ، حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَوْنَا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ جَعَلُونِي فِي ظَهْرِهِمْ وَدَخَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَصَابَتْنِي مَجَاعَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ، قَالَ: فَمَرَّ بِي بَعْضُ مَنْ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَوْ دَخَلْتَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَصَبْتَ مِنْ ثِمَارِ حَوَائِطِهَا، فَدَخَلْتُ حَائِطًا مِنْ حَوَائِطِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَطَعْتُ قِنْوَيْنِ، فَجَاءَ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُمَا مَعِي، فَذَهَبَ بِي إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَمْرِي، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: " أَيُّهُمَا أَفْضَلُ؟ " فَأَشَرْتُ إِلَى أَحَدِهِمَا، فَقَالَ: " خُذْهُ "، وَأَمَرَ صَاحِبَ الْحَائِطِ، فَأَخَذَ الْآخَرَ، وَخَلَّى سَبِيلِي. وَهَذِهِ الْأَخْبَارُ - إِنْ ثَبَتَتْ - كَانَتْ دَالَّةً مَعَ غَيْرِهَا عَلَى جَوَازِ الْأَكْلِ مِنْ مَالِ الْغَيْرِ عِنْدَ الضَّرُورَةِ، ثُمَّ وُجُوبِ الْبَدَلِ فَمُسْتَفَادٌ مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ الَّتِي دَلَّتْ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ مَالِ الْغَيْرِ بِغَيْرِ طِيبَةِ نَفْسِهِ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ. وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا بِمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الطَّهَارَةِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ حِينَ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فِي سَفَرٍ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، فَأَصَابَهُمْ عَطَشٌ شَدِيدٌ، وَإِنَّهُ بَعَثَ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ مَعَهَا بَعِيرٌ عَلَيْهِ مَزَادَتَانِ حَتَّى أَتَى بِهَا، وَأَخَذُوا مِنْ مَائِهَا، وَالْمَزَادَتَانِ كَمَا هُمَا، لَمْ تَزْدَادَا إِلَّا امْتِلَاءً، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَجَاءُوا مِنْ زِادِهِمْ حَتَّى مَلَأَ لَهَا ثَوْبَهَا.
Sayyiduna Umayr (may Allah be pleased with him), the freed slave of Sayyiduna Abi al-Lahm (may Allah be pleased with him), narrates: I came with my masters, intending to emigrate. When we drew near to Madinah, they left me behind and entered Madinah, and I was struck by severe hunger. He said: Some residents of Madinah passed by me and said: "If only you would enter Madinah and eat from the fruit of its orchards." So I entered one of the orchards of Madinah and picked two bunches of dates. The owner of the orchard came while both bunches were still with me. He seized me and took me to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who asked me about my situation, and I told him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Which of these two bunches is better?" I pointed to one of them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take it," and he said to the owner of the orchard: "You take the other bunch." And he let me go.
Note: These hadiths indicate that at a time of necessity another person's property may be eaten, and that giving compensation for someone's property is obligatory when it is taken without its owner's consent. It is like the narration of Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him), in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) set out on a journey together with the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). They were struck by severe thirst, so they brought a woman who had two waterskins to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and they took water from her waterskins; in the end, more was also given to her in her waterskins and her garment.
Note: These hadiths indicate that at a time of necessity another person's property may be eaten, and that giving compensation for someone's property is obligatory when it is taken without its owner's consent. It is like the narration of Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him), in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) set out on a journey together with the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). They were struck by severe thirst, so they brought a woman who had two waterskins to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and they took water from her waterskins; in the end, more was also given to her in her waterskins and her garment.
