السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من لا تؤخذ منه الجزية من أهل الأوثان
The idol-worshippers from whom jizyah is not taken
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {فَإِذَا انْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ} [التوبة: 5]، وَقَالَ: {وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ} [الأنفال: 39]..
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah, exalted be His praise, says: 'Then when the sacred months have passed, kill the polytheists wherever you find them.' [Surah al-Tawbah: 5]
And He said: 'And fight them until there is no more fitnah and the religion is wholly for Allah.' [Surah al-Anfal: 39]"
And He said: 'And fight them until there is no more fitnah and the religion is wholly for Allah.' [Surah al-Anfal: 39]"
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أنبأ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ، وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight against the people until they say: 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah). Whoever says 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah) has protected his wealth and his life from me, except for the rights of Islam, and his reckoning is with Allah."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ الرَّزَّازُ، ثنا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، وَعَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَا: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا مَنَعُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ ". أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ بِالْإِسْنَادَيْنِ جَمِيعًا.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir and Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight against the people until they say 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah). When they say it, they have protected their wealth and their lives from me, except for the rights of Islam, and their reckoning is with Allah Almighty."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ عِصَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً قَالَ: " إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ مُؤَذِّنًا أَوْ رَأَيْتُمْ مَسْجِدًا فَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَحَدًا ".
Ibn Isam narrates from his father (may Allah be pleased with him) that whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out a small detachment, he would say: "When you hear a mu'adhdhin (caller to prayer) or see a mosque, do not kill anyone."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا لَيْثٌ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ، وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ "؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ، فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ، وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ. قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِلْقِتَالِ، فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ..
Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah bin Mas'ud narrates from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph and some of the Arabs disbelieved, Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him): How can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has said: "I have been commanded to fight against the people until they say 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah). Whoever says 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no god but Allah) has protected his wealth and his life from me, except for the rights of Islam, and his reckoning is with Allah"? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I will fight whoever makes a distinction between prayer and zakah, for zakah is the right due on wealth. By Allah! If they withhold from me even a hobbling rope that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I will fight them for withholding it. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: By Allah! I recognised that Allah had opened the chest of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to fighting, and I knew that it was the truth.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهَذَا مِثْلُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ قَبْلَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مُطْلَقًا، وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ مُشْرِكُو أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِحَضْرَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا قُرْبَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا يَهُودُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الْأَنْصَارُ اسْتَجْمَعَتْ أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِسْلَامًا، فَوَادَعَتْ يَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ تَخْرُجْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَدَاوَتِهِ بِقَوْلٍ يَظْهَرُ وَلَا فِعْلٍ، حَتَّى كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ بَعْضُهَا بِعَدَاوَتِهِ وَالتَّحْرِيضِ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِالْحِجَازِ عَلِمْتُهُ إِلَّا يَهُودُ أَوْ نَصَارَى قَلِيلٌ بِنَجْرَانَ، وَكَانَتِ الْمَجُوسُ بِهَجَرَ وَبِبِلَادِ الْبَرْبَرِ وَفَارِسَ نَائِينَ عَنِ الْحِجَازِ، دُونَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ كَثِيرٌ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This, like the two hadiths before it, concerns the polytheists in general terms, but what is meant by it, and Allah knows best, is the idol-worshipping polytheists. In the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), or near him, there was none of the polytheists of the People of the Book except the Jews of Madinah, who were allies of the Ansar; and the Ansar had not all entered Islam when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) first arrived. So the Jews made a truce with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and no hostility towards him appeared from them in word or deed until the Battle of Badr; on that occasion some of them spoke out in enmity towards him and incited others against him, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) carried out killing among them. To my knowledge, there were in the Hijaz only Jews, or a few Christians of Najran; the Magians were in Hajar and in the lands of the Berbers and in Persia, far from the Hijaz, and apart from them there were many idol-worshipping polytheists.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَحَدِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ الْأَشْرَفِ الْيَهُودِيَّ كَانَ شَاعِرًا، وَكَانَ يَهْجُو رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ فِي شِعْرِهِ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَهْلُهَا أَخْلَاطٌ، مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الَّذِينَ تَجْمَعُهُمْ دَعْوَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الَّذِينَ يَعْبُدُونَ الْأَوْثَانَ، وَمِنْهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَلْقَةِ وَالْحُصُونِ وَهُمْ حُلَفَاءُ لِلْحَيَّيْنِ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ، فَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ اسْتِصْلَاحَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ، وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ مُسْلِمًا وَأَبُوهُ مُشْرِكٌ، وَالرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ مُسْلِمًا وَأَخُوهُ مُشْرِكٌ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَالْيَهُودُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ⦗٣٠٩⦘ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ أَشَدَّ الْأَذَى، فَأَمَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالصَّبِرِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَالْعَفْوِ عَنْهُمْ، فَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمَنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا} [آل عمران: ١٨٦] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، وَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا} [البقرة: ١٠٩]، فَلَمَّا أَبَى كَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ عَنْ أَذَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَذَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَهْطًا لِيَقْتُلُوهُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، وَأَبَا عَبْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، وَالْحَارِثَ ابْنَ أَخِي سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي خَمْسَةِ رَهْطٍ، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قَتْلِهِ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَتَلُوهُ فَزِعَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَغَدَوْا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ أَصْبَحُوا فَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ طُرِقَ صَاحِبُنَا اللَّيْلَةَ وَهُوَ سَيِّدٌ مِنْ سَادَتِنَا فَقُتِلَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي أَشْعَارِهِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ بِهِ، وَدَعَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أَنْ يَكْتُبَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كِتَابًا يَنْتَهُوا إِلَى مَا فِيهِ، فَكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامًّا صَحِيفَةً كَتَبَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَحْتَ الْعَذْقِ الَّذِي فِي دَارِ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الصَّحِيفَةُ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Abdul Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik narrates, I think from his father — and he was the son of one of the three whose repentance Allah, Lord of Might, accepted — that Ka'b bin al-Ashraf the Jew was a poet; he used to satirise the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and incite the disbelievers of Quraysh against him. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, its inhabitants were people of mixed religions: some were Muslims who had accepted the call of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), some were idol-worshipping polytheists, and some were Jews, who were people of arms and fortresses and allies of the two tribes of Aws and Khazraj. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, he wished to set all of them right, while one man would be a Muslim and his father a polytheist, and another would be a Muslim and his brother a polytheist. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, the polytheists and the Jews of Madinah used to harm the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions most severely, so Allah Almighty instructed His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims to be patient with their harm and to pardon them. Thus Allah Almighty says: "And you will surely hear much hurtful speech from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah." [Surah Al Imran: 186] And Allah Almighty says [Surah al-Baqarah: 109]:
"Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from their own selves, after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook." When Ka'b bin al-Ashraf refused to desist from harming the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to send a group to kill him. So Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Muhammad bin Maslamah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), Abu Abs al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) and his nephew al-Harith in a group of five, and he narrated the hadith about his killing. The narrator says: After he was killed, the Jews and the polytheists were alarmed, and in the morning they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "One of our chiefs was attacked last night and killed." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them of the things he used to say in his poems, and told them that he had been forbidden from doing so. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) invited them to have a document written between him, them and the Muslims, by whose terms they would abide. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a general document written between himself, them and the Muslims under a palm tree that was in the house of Bint al-Harith. Afterwards this document remained with Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him).
"Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from their own selves, after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook." When Ka'b bin al-Ashraf refused to desist from harming the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to send a group to kill him. So Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Muhammad bin Maslamah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), Abu Abs al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) and his nephew al-Harith in a group of five, and he narrated the hadith about his killing. The narrator says: After he was killed, the Jews and the polytheists were alarmed, and in the morning they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "One of our chiefs was attacked last night and killed." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them of the things he used to say in his poems, and told them that he had been forbidden from doing so. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) invited them to have a document written between him, them and the Muslims, by whose terms they would abide. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a general document written between himself, them and the Muslims under a palm tree that was in the house of Bint al-Harith. Afterwards this document remained with Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، أَوْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَصَابَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُرَيْشًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، جَمَعَ الْيَهُودَ فِي سُوقِ قَيْنُقَاعَ فَقَالَ: " يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ أَسْلِمُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَ قُرَيْشًا ". فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ أَنَّكَ قَتَلْتَ نَفَرًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَانُوا أَغْمَارًا لَا يَعْرِفُونَ الْقِتَالَ، إِنَّكَ لَوْ قَاتَلْتَنَا لَعَرَفْتَ أَنَّا نَحْنُ النَّاسُ، وَأَنَّكَ لَمْ تَلْقَ مِثْلَنَا. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: {قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ} [آل عمران: ١٣]: أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِبَدْرٍ، {وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ} [آل عمران: ١٣] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ} [آل عمران: ١٣].
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) struck Quraysh on the day of Badr and returned to Madinah, he gathered the Jews in the market of Qaynuqa' and said: "O community of Jews! Accept Islam before there befalls you the like of what befell Quraysh." They said: "O Muhammad! Do not be deceived about yourself because you killed a group of Quraysh who were unacquainted with war. If you fight us, you will know that we are real fighters; you have not yet met people like us." So Allah Almighty revealed these verses concerning this saying of theirs: "Say to those who disbelieve: You will soon be overcome and gathered into Hell, and it is the worst resting place." [Surah Al Imran: 12] "There has already been a sign for you in the two groups that met: one group fighting in the way of Allah and the other disbelieving; those disbelievers saw the Muslims as twice their own number with their own eyes. Indeed in that is a lesson for those who have vision." [Surah Al Imran: 13]
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ، ثنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، وَصَالِحُ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، قَالَا: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ فَرَغَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ بَشِيرَيْنِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ، ⦗٣١٠⦘ وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ كَعْبَ بْنَ الْأَشْرَفِ قَالَ: وَيْلَكَ أَحَقٌّ هَذَا؟ هَؤُلَاءِ مُلُوكُ الْعَرَبِ وَسَادَةُ النَّاسِ، يَعْنِي قَتْلَى قُرَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَجَعَلَ يَبْكِي عَلَى قَتْلَى قُرَيْشٍ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Abdullah bin Abi Bakr bin Hazm and Salih bin Abi Umamah bin Sahl bin Hunayf (may Allah have mercy on them both) say: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had finished with Badr, he sent Zayd bin Harithah and Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with them both) to give the good news to the people of Madinah. When this news reached Ka'b bin al-Ashraf, he said: "Woe to you! Is this news true? These kings of the Arabs and chiefs of the people, meaning Quraysh, have been killed?" Then he went towards Makkah weeping over the slain of Quraysh, and he was inciting them against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
