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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: من لا تؤخذ منه الجزية من أهل الأوثان
Chapter: The idol-worshippers from whom jizyah is not taken
Bayhaqi 18628 — The idol-worshippers from whom jizyah is not taken
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، أنبأ أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَحَدِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ الْأَشْرَفِ الْيَهُودِيَّ كَانَ شَاعِرًا، وَكَانَ يَهْجُو رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ فِي شِعْرِهِ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَهْلُهَا أَخْلَاطٌ، مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الَّذِينَ تَجْمَعُهُمْ دَعْوَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَمِنْهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ الَّذِينَ يَعْبُدُونَ الْأَوْثَانَ، وَمِنْهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْحَلْقَةِ وَالْحُصُونِ وَهُمْ حُلَفَاءُ لِلْحَيَّيْنِ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ، فَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ اسْتِصْلَاحَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ، وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ مُسْلِمًا وَأَبُوهُ مُشْرِكٌ، وَالرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ مُسْلِمًا وَأَخُوهُ مُشْرِكٌ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَالْيَهُودُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ⦗٣٠٩⦘ يُؤْذُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ أَشَدَّ الْأَذَى، فَأَمَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالصَّبِرِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَالْعَفْوِ عَنْهُمْ، فَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمَنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا} [آل عمران: ١٨٦] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، وَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَدَّ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يَرُدُّونَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمَانِكُمْ كُفَّارًا حَسَدًا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ فَاعْفُوا وَاصْفَحُوا} [البقرة: ١٠٩]، فَلَمَّا أَبَى كَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ عَنْ أَذَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَذَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَهْطًا لِيَقْتُلُوهُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، وَأَبَا عَبْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، وَالْحَارِثَ ابْنَ أَخِي سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي خَمْسَةِ رَهْطٍ، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قَتْلِهِ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَتَلُوهُ فَزِعَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَغَدَوْا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ أَصْبَحُوا فَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ طُرِقَ صَاحِبُنَا اللَّيْلَةَ وَهُوَ سَيِّدٌ مِنْ سَادَتِنَا فَقُتِلَ فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي أَشْعَارِهِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ بِهِ، وَدَعَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى أَنْ يَكْتُبَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كِتَابًا يَنْتَهُوا إِلَى مَا فِيهِ، فَكَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامًّا صَحِيفَةً كَتَبَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَحْتَ الْعَذْقِ الَّذِي فِي دَارِ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الصَّحِيفَةُ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Abdul Rahman bin Abdullah bin Ka'b bin Malik narrates, I think from his father — and he was the son of one of the three whose repentance Allah, Lord of Might, accepted — that Ka'b bin al-Ashraf the Jew was a poet; he used to satirise the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and incite the disbelievers of Quraysh against him. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, its inhabitants were people of mixed religions: some were Muslims who had accepted the call of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), some were idol-worshipping polytheists, and some were Jews, who were people of arms and fortresses and allies of the two tribes of Aws and Khazraj. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, he wished to set all of them right, while one man would be a Muslim and his father a polytheist, and another would be a Muslim and his brother a polytheist. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came, the polytheists and the Jews of Madinah used to harm the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions most severely, so Allah Almighty instructed His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims to be patient with their harm and to pardon them. Thus Allah Almighty says: "And you will surely hear much hurtful speech from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah." [Surah Al Imran: 186] And Allah Almighty says [Surah al-Baqarah: 109]:
"Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from their own selves, after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook." When Ka'b bin al-Ashraf refused to desist from harming the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to send a group to kill him. So Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Muhammad bin Maslamah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), Abu Abs al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) and his nephew al-Harith in a group of five, and he narrated the hadith about his killing. The narrator says: After he was killed, the Jews and the polytheists were alarmed, and in the morning they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "One of our chiefs was attacked last night and killed." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them of the things he used to say in his poems, and told them that he had been forbidden from doing so. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) invited them to have a document written between him, them and the Muslims, by whose terms they would abide. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a general document written between himself, them and the Muslims under a palm tree that was in the house of Bint al-Harith. Afterwards this document remained with Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him).
"Many of the People of the Scripture wish they could turn you back to disbelief after you have believed, out of envy from their own selves, after the truth has become clear to them. So pardon and overlook." When Ka'b bin al-Ashraf refused to desist from harming the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the Muslims, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to send a group to kill him. So Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Muhammad bin Maslamah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), Abu Abs al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) and his nephew al-Harith in a group of five, and he narrated the hadith about his killing. The narrator says: After he was killed, the Jews and the polytheists were alarmed, and in the morning they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "One of our chiefs was attacked last night and killed." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) told them of the things he used to say in his poems, and told them that he had been forbidden from doing so. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) invited them to have a document written between him, them and the Muslims, by whose terms they would abide. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had a general document written between himself, them and the Muslims under a palm tree that was in the house of Bint al-Harith. Afterwards this document remained with Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him).
