السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السرقة
Book of Theft
باب: ما يستدل به على ترك تضعيف الغرامة
The evidence for not doubling the penalty
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، ثنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: لَا تُضَعَّفُ الْغَرَامَةُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فِي شَيْءٍ، إِنَّمَا الْعُقُوبَةُ فِي الْأَبْدَانِ لَا فِي الْأَمْوَالِ، وَإِنَّمَا تَرَكْنَا تَضْعِيفَ الْغَرَامَةِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى فِيمَا أَفْسَدَتْ نَاقَةُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ أَنَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ حِفْظَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَمَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْمَوَاشِي بِاللَّيْلِ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا، قَالَ: فَإِنَّمَا يَضْمَنُونَهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ لَا بِقِيمَتَيْنِ، قَالَ: وَلَا يُقْبَلُ قَوْلُ الْمُدَّعِي، يَعْنِي فِي مِقْدَارِ الْقِيمَةِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي، وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: A fine is not to be doubled on anyone for anything; punishment is upon bodies, not upon property. We abandoned doubling the fine only because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled, concerning the damage done by the she-camel of al-Bara bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him), that "guarding by day is the responsibility of the owners of property, and whatever livestock damage by night is the liability of their owners." He said: So they are liable for it at its value, not at twice its value. And the claimant's word is not accepted regarding the amount of the value, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Proof is upon the claimant, and the oath is upon the one against whom the claim is made."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حَرَامِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَيِّصَةَ، أَنَّ نَاقَةَ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، دَخَلَتْ حَائِطَ رَجُلٍ فَأَفْسَدَتْ فِيهِ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَنَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحَوَائِطِ حِفْظَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَأَنَّ مَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْمَوَاشِي بِاللَّيْلِ ضَامِنٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا "، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا شَوَاهِدَهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ.
It is narrated from Haram bin Sa'd bin Muhayyisah that Sayyiduna al-Bara bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) had a she-camel; it entered a man's garden and caused damage in it, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled: "By day, guarding the garden is the responsibility of its owner, and if animals damage the garden at night, the owner of the animals will be liable."
