السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المرتد
Book of the Apostate
باب: مال المرتد إذا مات أو قتل على الردة
The property of an apostate who dies or is killed in apostasy
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ جَنِّادٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَقِيَنِي عَمِّي، وَقَدِ اعْتَقَدَ رَايَةً، فَقُلْتُ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةَ أَبِيهِ أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ، وَآخُذَ مَالَهُ ".
Sayyiduna al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: My uncle met me, and he had tied a banner. I asked: "Where are you going?" He said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has sent me to a man who has married his father's wife, to strike his neck and take his property."
أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاضِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخَلِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَسْتِيُّ، قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا حَاجًّا سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْمُظَفَّرِ الْبَكْرِيُّ، أنبأ ابْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مَنَازِلٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " بَعَثَ أَبَاهُ، جَدَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ، إِلَى رَجُلٍ عَرَّسَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَخَمَّسَ مَالَهُ " قَالَ أَصْحَابُنَا: ضَرْبُ الرَّقَبَةِ وَتَخْمِيسُ الْمَالِ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا عَلَى الْمُرْتَدِّ، فَكَأَنَّهُ اسْتَحَلَّهُ مَعَ عِلْمِهِ بِتَحْرِيمِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَسْأَلُهُمَا عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْمُرْتَدِّ، فَقَالَا: لِبَيْتِ الْمَالِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: يَعْنِيَانِ أَنَّهُ فَيْءٌ.
Mu'awiyah bin Qurrah narrates from his father that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent his father, the grandfather of Mu'awiyah, to a man who had consummated marriage with his father's wife; he ordered him, so he struck his neck and took one-fifth of his property.
Our companions said: Striking the neck and taking one-fifth of the property apply only to the apostate, so it seems he had deemed it lawful while knowing it was forbidden. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas and Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with them both) about the inheritance of the apostate, and they answered: It goes to the public treasury (bayt al-mal). Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: They meant that it is fay'.
Our companions said: Striking the neck and taking one-fifth of the property apply only to the apostate, so it seems he had deemed it lawful while knowing it was forbidden. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas and Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with them both) about the inheritance of the apostate, and they answered: It goes to the public treasury (bayt al-mal). Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: They meant that it is fay'.
