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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المرتد
Book of the Apostate
باب: ما جاء في سبي ذرية المرتدين
Chapter: Reports on taking the offspring of apostates captive
Bayhaqi 16895 — Reports on taking the offspring of apostates captive
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ حَمْدَانَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ عَمَّارٍ الدُّهْنِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي الْجَيْشِ الَّذِينَ بَعَثَهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى بَنِي نَاجِيَةَ، قَالَ: فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَوَجَدْنَاهُمْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ فِرَقٍ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَمِيرُنَا لِفِرْقَةٍ مِنْهُمْ: مَا أَنْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا: نَحْنُ ⦗٣٦٢⦘ قَوْمٌ كُنَّا نَصَارَى فَأَسْلَمْنَا فَثَبَتْنَا عَلَى إِسْلَامِنَا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلثَّانِيَةِ: مَنْ أَنْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا: نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ كُنَّا نَصَارَى، يَعْنِي فَثَبَتْنَا عَلَى نَصْرَانِيَّتِنَا، قَالَ لِلثَّالِثَةِ: مَنْ أَنْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا: نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ كُنَّا نَصَارَى فَأَسْلَمْنَا فَرَجَعْنَا فَلَمْ نَرَ دِينًا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ دِينِنَا فَتَنَصَّرْنَا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: أَسْلِمُوا، فَأَبَوْا، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إِذَا مَسَحْتُ عَلَى رَأْسِي ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَشُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَفَعَلُوا فَقَتَلُوا الْمُقَاتِلَةَ، وَسَبَوَا الذَّرَارِيَّ، فَجِيءَ بِالذَّرَارِيِّ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَجَاءَ مَسْقَلَةُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ فَاشْتَرَاهُمْ بِمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ، فَجَاءَ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَ، فَانْطَلَقَ مَسْقَلَةُ بِدَرَاهِمِهِ، وَعَمَدَ مَسْقَلَةُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ، وَلَحِقَ بِمُعَاوِيَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقِيلَ لِعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَلَا تَأْخُذُ الذُّرِّيَّةَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، فَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ لَهُمْ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: قَدْ قَاتَلَ مَنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَمَنِ ارْتَدَّ، فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سَبَى مِنْ بَنِي نَاجِيَةَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ ارْتَدَّ، وَقَدْ كَانَتِ الرِّدَّةُ فِي عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ خَمَّسَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، يَعْنِي الذَّرَارِيَّ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Abu al-Tufayl (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was in the army that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) sent to Banu Najiyah. He said: We reached them and found them in three groups. Our commander asked one group: Who are you? They said: We were Christians, then we became Muslims, and we remain firm on it. He asked the second group, and they answered: We were Christians and still are. He asked the third group, and they answered: We were Christians, then we became Muslims, then we went back to Christianity, which is our better religion. They were told: Become Muslims. They refused, so the commander said to his troops: When I touch my head three times, attack them. They did so, killed them, and took their children captive. They brought them to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). Then Masqalah bin Hubayrah came and bought them all for two hundred thousand dirhams; he brought one hundred thousand to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), who refused to accept it. So Masqalah went off with his dirhams, freed them, and himself joined Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him). Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked: Will you not take the children? He said: No. And he did not pursue them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He fought both those who were Christians and those who had apostatised, and it is possible that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) took captive those children of Banu Najiyah who had not apostatised. The apostasy took place in the time of al-Siddiq, yet we do not know that he took anything from them.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He fought both those who were Christians and those who had apostatised, and it is possible that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) took captive those children of Banu Najiyah who had not apostatised. The apostasy took place in the time of al-Siddiq, yet we do not know that he took anything from them.
