Sayyiduna al-Miqdad bin Amr al-Kindi (may Allah be pleased with him), who fought at Badr, said: I asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "I face a man in battle; he cuts off my hand, and then, taking cover behind a tree, he accepts Islam. Should I kill him?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No." I said again: "O Prophet of Allah! He cut off my hand; should I kill him?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No. If you kill him, he will attain the position you were in before you killed him, and you will be in the position he was in before he said the word of truth."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16823
Ubaydullah bin Adi bin al-Khiyar (may Allah have mercy on him) said that a man was speaking privately with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It was not known what he was saying, until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself made it public that he was asking about killing a man from among the hypocrites. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Does he not bear witness that there is no god but Allah?" He said: Of course! But his testimony counts for nothing. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Does he not pray?" He said: Of course, but it is of no benefit to him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those are the ones I have been forbidden to kill."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16825
The previous narration.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Those hypocrites whose Islam is outwardly manifest, it has been forbidden to kill them. The Shaykh said: Regarding the story narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was distributing wealth a man said: "Fear Allah (in this distribution)," Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) asked permission (saying): Shall I kill him? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No, perhaps he prays." Khalid said: "How many a person who prays says with his tongue what is not in his heart!" And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have not been commanded to search into people's hearts or to cut open their bellies."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16826
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight people until they bear witness to the testimony of faith. When they say it, they have protected their blood and their wealth from me, except by its right, and their reckoning is with Allah."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16827
The previous narration from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Know that whoever's faith becomes outwardly manifest, his blood is spared, and their inner states are Allah's responsibility. Some people believed, then apostatised, and then became Muslim again, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not kill them. He killed those apostates whose faith had not become manifest.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16828
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Abdullah bin Abi Sarh was a scribe of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). Satan led him astray and he joined the disbelievers, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that he be killed. Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) sought protection for him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) granted it.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16829
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: A man of the Ansar apostatised and joined the polytheists, so Allah revealed this verse: "How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their belief and had witnessed that the Messenger is true and clear proofs had come to them? And Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people." [Surah Al Imran: 86]. His people wrote this to him, and he said: By Allah! Neither have my people lied, nor has the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) lied against Allah, and Allah is the most truthful of the three. So he came back and repented, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) pardoned him.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16830
Sayyiduna Furat bin Hayyan (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had ordered him to be killed. He was a spy for Abu Sufyan. He passed by a gathering of the Ansar and said: "I am a Muslim." When this reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We entrust some people to their faith; among them is Furat bin Hayyan." After that, he (peace and blessings be upon him) granted him a plot of land in Bahrain.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16831
Abdullah bin Ubayd bin Umayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted the repentance of Nabhan four times, and Nabhan had apostatised. Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: However many times an apostate returns, (his repentance) will be accepted.
This is munqati' (its chain is broken); it has also been narrated as connected (mawsul) through another route, but that is of no worth.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16833
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were present with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at Khaybar, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said about a man who claimed to be a Muslim: "This one is in the Fire." When the fighting began, he fought very valiantly, and the people, seeing his courage, said to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): O Messenger of Allah! The one about whom you said that he is of the people of Hell has fought very bravely and is badly wounded. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He is of the people of Hell." The people fell into doubt. Then they saw that this man, who was badly wounded, took out his arrow and killed himself with it. The Muslims hurried to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Allah has proven your word true, O Messenger of Allah! Allah tested him, and he killed himself. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) to announce among the people: "None but a believer will enter Paradise, and Allah has supported His religion through a wicked man."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16834
Sayyiduna Salamah bin al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Together with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) we visited a man who was suffering (with fever). He said: I placed my hand on him and said: "By Allah!" I have never seen a man as hot as this. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Shall I not tell you of those who will be hotter than him on the Day of Resurrection? These two men who are turning away and leaving," and he pointed to two men who were at that time among his companions.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16835
Qays bin Ubad said: I said to Ammar (may Allah be pleased with him): How do you regard what you did in the matter of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him)? Was it your own opinion, or a covenant from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)? He said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not entrust us with any special covenant; his (peace and blessings be upon him) covenant was for everyone. But Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated a hadith to me from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Among my companions there will be 12 hypocrites; 8 of them will not enter Paradise until the camel passes through the eye of the needle, "until the camel passes through the eye of the needle" [Surah al-A'raf: 40], and for those eight, great calamities will suffice." And what Shu'bah said about the remaining 4, I do not remember.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16836
Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We set out with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey in which the people suffered great hardship. Abdullah bin Ubayy said to his companions: "Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah until they disperse from around him," and: "When we return to Madinah, we will expel these humiliated ones from it; we are the honourable." I heard this and went and told the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned him and asked, and he swore an oath that he had said nothing of the sort. The people began to say: Zayd has lied to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). What they said weighed upon my heart, until Allah Almighty revealed Surah al-Munafiqun confirming me. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called them and said: "Come, let me pray for your forgiveness," but they turned their heads away. These people were very handsome.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16838
Ibn Ishaq said about the story of Tabuk: At the place called al-Thaniyyah the hypocrites intended to kill the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Allah Almighty informed him (peace and blessings be upon him) of this, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) moved away from al-Thaniyyah and said to his two companions, Hudhayfah and Ammar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "Do you know what the people intended?" They said: Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) know best. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "They intended to strike me down at al-Thaniyyah." The two of them said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! When the people were gathering around you there, had you ordered us, we would have killed them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I did not like that people should say that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is having his own companions killed."
Ibn Ishaq said: Then Husayn bin Numayr was summoned and it was said to him: Woe to you, why were you doing this? He said: By Allah! I was certain that you (peace and blessings be upon him) would not find out, but Allah informed you (peace and blessings be upon him), and I have come to know it, and today I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Had it not been for this, I would never have believed in you. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) forgave him.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16839
Al-Aswad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood over us while we were with Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: "Hypocrisy was sent down upon people better than you." We said: How can that be? Allah says: "Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depth of the Fire" [Surah al-Nisa: 145]. He said: When everyone had dispersed and no one but me remained, he said: "When they repented, they became better than you," and he threw a pebble at me.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16840
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When Abdullah bin Ubayy died, his son came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Give me your shirt so that I may shroud him in it, and that you pray over him and ask forgiveness for my father. He (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him his shirt and said: "When you have finished with the shrouding, let me know." When he intended to pray, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Have you not been forbidden from praying over a hypocrite? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been given the choice: 'Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them' [Surah al-Tawbah: 80]." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed over him, and then this verse was revealed: "And do not ever pray over any of them who has died, nor stand at his grave" [Surah al-Tawbah: 84]. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave up praying (over them).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16842
The previous narration from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This clarifies our statement that the prayer is not to be offered over them. I hope that he (peace and blessings be upon him) was forbidden from praying over them because whoever he (peace and blessings be upon him) prays over is forgiven, and there is no forgiveness for one who persists in polytheism. Therefore he (peace and blessings be upon him) was forbidden from praying over such a person, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not forbid the Muslims. The Muslims used to pray over them. Hudhayfah, Umar and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them) all used to pray. Whenever a funeral was placed before Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), he would look towards Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him). If he declined, he would not lead the prayer; if he stood with him, he would lead it. Neither Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) nor Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) forbade the Muslims from praying over them, nor is there anything of the sort among the rulings of Islam.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16843
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) that we went with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) towards Tabuk. He (peace and blessings be upon him) dismounted from his mount so that revelation could come to him. The she-camel got up and tried to run off, so Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) took hold of her reins and sat beside her. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up, he came towards the she-camel and asked: "Who is this?" He said: Hudhayfah bin al-Yaman. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will tell you a secret; do not tell anyone: I have been forbidden from praying (the funeral prayer) over so-and-so and so-and-so." Then, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) became caliph, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) would keep Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) with him, and whoever's (funeral) Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) declined, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) would not pray over him.
This is mursal; it has also been narrated as connected (mawsul) through another route.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16844
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It reached us that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was on the expedition of Tabuk, revelation came down upon him. The rest is as in the previous narration.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16845
Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Only three of those people remain, as if he was referring to this verse: "Then fight the leaders of disbelief" [Surah al-Tawbah: 12]. And he said: Only four of the hypocrites remain. He (the narrator) said: A Bedouin was sitting behind us, and he said: You are the community of Companions; you know what we do not know. You claim that only four hypocrites remain, so who are those who wreak havoc in our houses at night? Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Those are the sinners (fussaq). Only four of the hypocrites remain; one of them is a very old man who, even if he drank cold water, would not feel its coolness.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16846
Sayyiduna Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The hypocrites of today are worse than the hypocrites of the time of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him); they used to conceal their hypocrisy, while these display it openly.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16847
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, the Arabs apostatised and hypocrisy spread in Madinah. Had the calamities that befell my father befallen the mountains, they too would have been shattered. By Allah! Whatever attack was made on Islam, my father defended it. Along with this she used to say: Whoever saw Ibn al-Khattab knew that he had been created to be a support for Islam; by Allah, he was highly capable and unique in his kind, and he had prepared for every matter what was equal to it.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16848
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr sent Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with them both) to subdue the apostates, he said: First invite them to Islam, make them aware, strive for their guidance, and accept it from whoever understands and returns. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah after having believed, and whoever accepts Islam, leave his way open; their reckoning is with Allah. And whoever refuses, fight him.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16849
Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: In the time of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), people were taken to account through revelation. Now revelation has ceased, and now we take (people) to account by their outward deeds. Whoever's outward deeds are good, we trust him and bring him close, and the inner matter is with Allah Almighty. And whoever's outward deeds are bad, we neither trust him nor believe him, even if he says that his inner self is good.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16850
Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to a man whose Islam was outward and who was known (for something else): I think you are only seeking refuge (in Islam). He said: In Islam there is what has given me refuge. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Yes! Islam gives refuge to whoever seeks refuge in it.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16851
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) seized some people in Kufah who were propagating the religion of Musaylimah the Liar. He asked Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) about them, and the reply came: Present Islam to them and invite them to Tawhid (the Oneness of Allah); if they accept, release them, and whoever does not accept, kill him. So Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) did exactly that.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16852
Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) asked Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) about the heretics (zanadiqah), and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: Islam is to be presented to them; if they accept Islam, release them, otherwise kill them.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16853
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If the heretic (zindiq) denies (it) and evidence is established against him, he is to be killed; but if he comes of his own accord, confessing and repentant, he is spared from being killed.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16854
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Their repentance is not to be accepted. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The view of those who say that repentance will be accepted is correct; as for what is hidden, Allah Almighty knows it.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب المرتد / 16856