السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
باب: ما دون الموضحة من الشجاج
Head wounds less than the mudihah
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَرَبِيعَةَ، وَأَبِي الزِّنَادِ، وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، لَمْ يَعْقِلْ مَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ، وَجَعَلَ مَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ عَفْوًا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.
Ibn Shihab, Rabi'ah, Abu al-Zinad and Ishaq bin Abdullah (may Allah have mercy on them) say that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) "did not set blood money for anything other than a bone-exposing wound; rather, he left it as something forgiven among the Muslims."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: الْأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ مِنَ الشِّجَاجِ عَقْلٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ الْمُوضِحَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا الْعَقْلُ فِي الْمُوضِحَةِ فَمَا فَوْقَهَا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، انْتَهَى إِلَى الْمُوضِحَةِ فِي كِتَابِهِ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَجَعَلَ فِيهَا خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ.
Malik bin Anas (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The agreed-upon matter that has reached us is that there is no blood money for anything other than a bone-exposing wound in which the bone becomes visible. Blood money is only in the bone-exposing wound, and this is what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote in the letter to Amr bin Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him): "and he fixed its blood money at five camels."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْكَارِزِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: مَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ خُدُوشٌ فِيهَا صُلْحٌ وَرَوَى ابْنُ عُلَاثَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْلَةَ، أَنَّ مُعَاذًا وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، جَعَلَا فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ أَجْرَ الطَّبِيبِ ⦗١٤٦⦘ وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ غَنْمٍ، عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا: وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَى قَدْرِهِ.
Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) says: For a wound that is not bone-exposing, such as a scratch and the like, there is settlement; and Sayyiduna Mu'adh and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) fixed only the physician's fee for a non-exposing wound.
There is also a marfu' narration from Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him): "For a bone-exposing wound in which the bone becomes visible there are five camels, and for any wound less than that, it is in proportion to it."
There is also a marfu' narration from Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him): "For a bone-exposing wound in which the bone becomes visible there are five camels, and for any wound less than that, it is in proportion to it."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي، قَالُوا: أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، ـ إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ ـ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَضَيَا فِي الْمِلْطَاةِ بِنِصْفِ دِيَةِ الْمُوضِحَةِ،.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) fixed, for the miltah, a head wound that reaches the thin membrane over the bone, half the blood money of a bone-exposing wound in which the bone becomes visible.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا مِثْلَهُ أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ ابْنَ نَافِعٍ يَذْكُرُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَرَأْنَا عَلَى مَالِكٍ: إِنَّا لَمْ نَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَلَا الْحَدِيثِ قَضَى فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوَضِّحَةِ بِشَيْءٍ.
The previous narration.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ السُّكَّرِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَضَيَا فِي الْمِلْطَاةِ، وَهِيَ السِّمْحَاقُ بِنِصْفِ مَا فِي الْمُوضِحَةِ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا سُفْيَانُ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَنْهُ، فَحَدَّثَنَا بِهِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ لَقِيتُ مَالِكًا فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ سُفْيَانَ ثنا عَنْكَ، عَنِ ابْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَضَيَا فِي الْمِلْطَاةِ بِنِصْفِ الْمُوضِحَةِ؟ قَالَ: صَدَقَ قَدْ حَدَّثْتُهُ قُلْتُ: حَدِّثْنِي بِهِ، قَالَ: مَا أُحَدِّثُ بِهِ الْيَوْمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، وَهُوَ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ: عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ إِلَّا حَدَّثْتَهُ بِهِ، قَالَ: تَعْزِمُ عَلَيَّ لَوْ كُنْتُ مُحَدِّثًا بِهِ الْيَوْمَ لَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِهِ، قُلْتُ: لِمَ لَا تُحَدِّثُنِي بِهِ وَقَدْ حَدَّثْتَ بِهِ غَيْرِي؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْعَمَلَ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ، وَرَجُلُهُ عِنْدَنَا لَيْسَ ⦗١٤٧⦘ هُنَاكَ، يَعْنِي ابْنَ قُسَيْطٍ فَهَذَا عُذْرُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، رَحِمَنَا اللهُ وَإِيَّاهُ فِي الرَّغْبَةِ عَنْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِيمَا سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ إِلَيْهِ: رُوِّينَا أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَدْ قَضَى فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ حَتَّى فِي الدَّامِيَةِ.
Ibn al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) ruled, for the miltah, which is the simhaq, half of what is due for a bone-exposing wound (mudihah). Abd al-Razzaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Then Sufyan came to us and we asked him about it, and he narrated it to us from Malik. Then I met Malik and said: Sufyan narrated to us from you, from Ibn Qusayt, from Ibn al-Musayyib, that Umar and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) ruled for the miltah half of the mudihah? He said: He spoke the truth; I did narrate it to him. I said: Narrate it to me. He said: I do not narrate it today. Muslim bin Khalid, who was beside him, said to him: I adjure you, O Abu Abdullah, to narrate it to him. He said: You adjure me? If I were narrating it today, I would have narrated it to him. I said: Why do you not narrate it to me when you have narrated it to others? He said: The practice with us is otherwise, and its narrator, meaning Ibn Qusayt, is not of that standing with us.
This is the excuse of Malik bin Anas, may Allah have mercy on us and on him, for turning away from this narration. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, in the course of his discussion: It has been narrated to us that Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) gave rulings on wounds less than the mudihah, even on the damiyah (a bleeding wound).
This is the excuse of Malik bin Anas, may Allah have mercy on us and on him, for turning away from this narration. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, in the course of his discussion: It has been narrated to us that Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) gave rulings on wounds less than the mudihah, even on the damiyah (a bleeding wound).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الدَّامِيَةِ بَعِيرٌ، وَفِي الْبَاضِعَةِ بَعِيرَانِ، وَفِي الْمُتَلَاحِمَةِ ثَلَاثٌ، وَفِي السِّمْحَاقِ أَرْبَعٌ، وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، وَإِنْ كُنَّا نَرْوِي حَدِيثَهُ لِرِوَايَةِ الْكِبَارِ عَنْهُ، فَلَيْسَ مِمَّنْ تَقُومُ الْحُجَّةُ بِمَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي السِّمْحَاقِ أَرْبَعٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ نُجَيٍّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِثْلَهُ وَالْأَوَّلُ مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَالثَّانِي مُنْقَطِعٌ ثُمَّ إِنْ صَحَّتْ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ فَهِيَ مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ حَكَمُوا فِيمَا دُونَ الْمُوَضِحَةِ بِحُكُومَةٍ بَلَغَتْ هَذَا الْمِقْدَارَ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) says: For a wound from which blood comes out (damiyah) there is one camel; for one that cuts into the flesh (badi'ah) two camels; for one in which the flesh becomes exposed (mutalahimah) three camels; for a head wound that reaches the thin membrane over the bone (simhaq) four camels; and for a bone-exposing wound in which the bone becomes visible (mudihah) five camels.
The Shaykh said: Muhammad bin Rashid, even though we narrate his hadith because senior narrators reported from him, is not one whose solitary narrations constitute a proof.
It is also reported from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that for the simhaq there are four camels; this is narrated from al-Hakam bin Utaybah from Ali, and similarly from Jabir al-Ju'fi from Abdullah bin Nujayy from Ali. The first is munqati' (broken) and the second is munqati' (broken). Moreover, if this narration is authentic, it is understood to mean that they ruled on wounds less than the mudihah by an estimated compensation (hukumah) that reached this amount. And Allah knows best.
The Shaykh said: Muhammad bin Rashid, even though we narrate his hadith because senior narrators reported from him, is not one whose solitary narrations constitute a proof.
It is also reported from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that for the simhaq there are four camels; this is narrated from al-Hakam bin Utaybah from Ali, and similarly from Jabir al-Ju'fi from Abdullah bin Nujayy from Ali. The first is munqati' (broken) and the second is munqati' (broken). Moreover, if this narration is authentic, it is understood to mean that they ruled on wounds less than the mudihah by an estimated compensation (hukumah) that reached this amount. And Allah knows best.
