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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
باب: تفسير الشجاج ومدارجها
Chapter: Explanation of head wounds and their degrees
Bayhaqi 16215 — Explanation of head wounds and their degrees
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، قَالَ: قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَاسَرْجَسِيُّ فِيمَا قَرَأْتُهُ مِنْ سَمَاعِهِ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ التُّجِيبِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنُ أَخِي حَرْمَلَةَ، ثنا عَمِّي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ الشِّجَاجِ الْحَارِصَةُ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَحْرِصُ الْجِلْدَ حَتَّى تَشُقَّهُ قَلِيلًا، وَمِنْهُ قِيلَ: حَرَصَ الْقَصَّارُ الثَّوْبَ إِذَا شَقَّهُ، ثُمَّ الْبَاضِعَةُ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَشُقُّ اللَّحْمَ وَتَبْضَعُهُ بَعْدَ الْجِلْدِ، ثُمَّ الْمُتَلَاحِمَةُ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي أَخَذَتْ فِي اللَّحْمِ وَلَمْ تَبْلُغِ السِّمْحَاقَ، وَالسِّمْحَاقُ جِلْدَةٌ رَقِيقَةٌ بَيْنَ اللَّحْمِ وَالْعَظْمِ، وَكُلُّ قِشْرَةٍ رَقِيقَةٍ فَهِيَ سِمْحَاقٌ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَتِ الشَّجَّةُ تِلْكَ الْقِشْرَةَ الرَّقِيقَةَ حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى بَيْنَ اللَّحْمِ وَالْعَظْمِ غَيْرُهَا فَتِلْكَ السِّمْحَاقُ، وَهِيَ الْمِلْطَاةُ، ثُمَّ الْمُوَضِحَةِ وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَكَشَّفَ عَنْهَا ذَلِكَ الْقِشْرُ، وَتُشَقُّ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ وَضَحُ الْعَظْمِ، فَتِلْكَ الْمُوضِحَةِ، وَالْهَاشِمَةُ الَّتِي تَهْشِمُ الْعَظْمَ، وَالْمُنَقِّلَةُ الَّتِي يُنْقَلُ مِنْهَا فِرَاشُ الْعَظْمِ، وَالْآمَّةُ، وَهِيَ الْمَأْمُومَةُ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَبْلُغُ أُمَّ الرَّأْسِ الدِّمَاغَ، وَالْجَائِفَةُ وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَخْرِقُ حَتَّى تَصِلَ إِلَى السِّفَاقِ، وَمَا كَانَ دُونَ الْمُوضِحَةِ فَهُوَ خُدُوشٌ فِيهِ الصُّلْحُ، وَالدَّامِيَةُ هِيَ الَّتِي تَدْمَى مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسِيلَ مِنْهَا دَمٌ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The very first wound is al-harisah, in which the skin splits a little; from it comes the expression 'harasa al-qassar al-thawb' (the fuller tore the cloth). After it is the wound al-badi'ah, in which the flesh is cut and the part beneath the skin becomes exposed. Then al-mutalahimah, which is the wound that cuts into the flesh but is not very deep. After it is al-simhaq; the simhaq is a thin veil between the bone and the flesh, like a membrane, and when the wound reaches this membrane but the bone does not become visible, it is a simhaq, and al-miltah is also a name for this same wound. Al-mudihah is the wound that tears through this membrane too and exposes the bone; al-hashimah is one in which the bone is broken; al-munaqqilah is the wound containing particles of bone; al-ma'mumah is the wound that reaches the brain; and al-ja'ifah is one that tears open the abdomen so that the wound reaches the intestines. Those that are less than al-mudihah are khudush (scratches), and for them there is settlement. Al-damiyah is a wound in which there is a scratch or a blow but blood does not flow.
