السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجنايات
Book of Crimes
باب: ما جاء في قتل الغيلة في عفو الأولياء
Reports on treacherous killing (ghilah) and pardon by the heirs
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أنبأ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: " مَنْ عَفَا مِنْ ذِي سَهْمٍ فَعَفْوُهُ عَفْوٌ قَدْ أَجَازَ عُمَرُ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا الْعَفْوَ مِنْ أَحَدِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، وَلَمْ يَسْأَلَا أَقَتْلَ غِيلَةٍ كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَمْ غَيْرَهُ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَائِرَةٍ هُوَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ لَا يَنْتَظِرُ بِهِ وَلِيَّ الْمَقْتُولِ، قَالَ: وَاحْتَجَّ لَهُمْ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ مَذَاهِبَهُمْ بِأَثَرِ مِجْذَرِ بْنِ ⦗١٠١⦘ زِيَادٍ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَدِيثُهُ مِمَّا يَثْبُتُ قُلْنَا بِهِ، فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالُوا، وَلَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا ثَابِتًا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ فَكُلُّ مَقْتُولٍ قَتَلَهُ غَيْرُ الْمُحَارِبِ فَالْقَتْلُ فِيهِ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا} [الإسراء: ٣٣]، وَقَالَ: {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [البقرة: ١٧٨] قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: إِنَّمَا بَلَغَنَا قِصَّةُ مِجْذَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ مُنْقَطِعًا وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ.
Hammad narrates from Ibrahim: Whoever among those who have a share (in the inheritance) pardons, his pardon is a valid pardon. Umar and Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with them both) permitted the pardon of one of the heirs, and they did not ask whether it was a killing by treachery or otherwise.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of our companions say concerning a man who kills another without any feud that the matter belongs to the imam, and he is not to wait for the heir of the slain; and they took as evidence the incident of Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad. If this narration were established, then it would be so; but until today I have not found that this narration is established, and returning the matter to the heir of the slain is the command of Allah. Allah Almighty says: "And whoever is killed wrongfully, We have given his heir authority." [Surah al-Isra: 33]
And He said: "But whoever is pardoned something by his brother, then let there be a following up with what is fair." [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]
The Shaykh said: What has reached us is that the story of Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad, which is from the narration of al-Waqidi, is munqati' (broken) and da'if (weak).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of our companions say concerning a man who kills another without any feud that the matter belongs to the imam, and he is not to wait for the heir of the slain; and they took as evidence the incident of Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad. If this narration were established, then it would be so; but until today I have not found that this narration is established, and returning the matter to the heir of the slain is the command of Allah. Allah Almighty says: "And whoever is killed wrongfully, We have given his heir authority." [Surah al-Isra: 33]
And He said: "But whoever is pardoned something by his brother, then let there be a following up with what is fair." [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]
The Shaykh said: What has reached us is that the story of Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad, which is from the narration of al-Waqidi, is munqati' (broken) and da'if (weak).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَطَّةَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، فِي ذِكْرِ مَنْ قُتِلَ بِأُحُدٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ: وَمِجْذَرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ قَتَلَهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ غِيلَةً، وَكَانَ مِنْ قِصَّةِ مِجْذَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ سُوَيْدَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَسْلَمَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، وَمِجْذَرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، فَشَهِدَا بَدْرًا، فَجَعَلَ الْحَارِثُ يَطْلُبُ مِجْذَرًا لِيَقْتُلَهُ بِأَبِيهِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ وَجَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تِلْكَ الْجَوْلَةَ أَتَاهُ الْحَارِثُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ، فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى حَمْرَاءِ الْأَسَدِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ أَتَاهُ جِبْرَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ قَتَلَ مِجْذَرَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ غِيلَةً، وَأَمَرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَرَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى قُبَاءَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ دَعَا عُوَيْمَ بْنَ سَاعِدَةَ فَقَالَ: " إِذَا قَدِمَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ إِلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ بِالْمِجْذَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، فَإِنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ غِيلَةً " فَأَخَذَهُ عُوَيْمٌ، فَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ: دَعْنِي أُكَلِّمْ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ عُوَيْمٌ فَجَابَذَهُ يُرِيدُ كَلَامَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَنَهَضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ، فَجَعَلَ الْحَارِثُ يَقُولُ: قَدْ وَاللهِ قَتَلْتُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ قَتْلِي إِيَّاهُ رُجُوعًا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَا ارْتِيَابًا فِيهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ حَمِيَّةُ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَأَمْرٌ وُكِلْتُ فِيهِ إِلَى نَفْسِي، فَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَإِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ، وَأُخْرِجُ دِيَتَهُ وَأَصُومُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ، وَأُعْتِقُ رَقَبَةً، وَأُطْعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، إِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللهِ وَجَعَلَ يُمْسِكُ بِرِكَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: وَبَنُو مِجْذَرٍ حُضُورٌ، لَا يَقُولُ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا، حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَوْعَبَ كَلَامَهُ قَالَ: " قَدِّمْهُ يَا عُوَيْمُ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ " فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ.
Al-Waqidi, mentioning the martyrs of Uhud, says that Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad (may Allah be pleased with him) was killed treacherously by al-Harith bin Suwayd. His story is as follows: Mujadhdhar (may Allah be pleased with him) had killed his (al-Harith's) father, Suwayd bin al-Samit, in the Jahiliyyah. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah, Mujadhdhar and al-Harith bin Suwayd (may Allah be pleased with them both) became Muslim and took part in Badr, and al-Harith tried to kill Mujadhdhar (may Allah be pleased with him) that day too but could not. When the day of Uhud came and the Muslims began to fall back, al-Harith came from behind and killed Mujadhdhar (may Allah be pleased with him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Madinah and then set out for Hamra al-Asad. When he returned, Jibril (peace be upon him) came and told him (peace and blessings be upon him) that Mujadhdhar (may Allah be pleased with him) had been killed by al-Harith, and treacherously at that, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered his execution. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Quba and saw al-Harith there, he (peace and blessings be upon him) called Uwaym bin Sa'idah (may Allah be pleased with him) and ordered: "Al-Harith is coming toward the door of the mosque; kill him in retaliation for Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad (may Allah be pleased with him), whom he killed treacherously on the day of Uhud." Uwaym (may Allah be pleased with him) seized him, and he said: "Just let me speak to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) once." Uwaym (may Allah be pleased with him) refused. As he (peace and blessings be upon him) moved to mount, he began saying: "By Allah, I did kill him, O Messenger of Allah! But I did not kill him because I had turned away from Islam or had doubts about it; rather I killed him out of devilish zeal. Now I repent to Allah; I will pay his blood money, free a slave, fast for two months, and feed sixty poor people, and I repent to Allah." And he took hold of the reins of his (peace and blessings be upon him) mount. The Banu Mujadhdhar (may Allah be pleased with them) were also present, but they were silent; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had said nothing to them. When his talk grew long, he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Uwaym (may Allah be pleased with him): "Uwaym! Take him and kill him." So Uwaym (may Allah be pleased with him) struck his neck.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ، ثنا الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ غَسَّانَ الْغِلَانِيُّ، وَهُوَ يَذْكُرُ مَنْ عُرِفَ بِالنِّفَاقِ فِي عَهْدِ ⦗١٠٢⦘ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ صَامِتٍ، مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَهُوَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ الْمِجْذَرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، غِيلَةً فَقَتَلَهُ بِهِ نَبِيُّ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Al-Mufaddal bin Ghassan al-Ghalabi (may Allah have mercy on him), speaking of those well known for hypocrisy in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), said: al-Harith bin Suwayd, who was from Banu Amr bin Awf and took part in Badr, killed Mujadhdhar (may Allah be pleased with him) on the day of Uhud, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had him killed in retaliation.
