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Bayhaqi 16060 — Reports on treacherous killing (ghilah) and pardon

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، أنبأ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: " مَنْ عَفَا مِنْ ذِي سَهْمٍ فَعَفْوُهُ عَفْوٌ قَدْ أَجَازَ عُمَرُ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا الْعَفْوَ مِنْ أَحَدِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، وَلَمْ يَسْأَلَا أَقَتْلَ غِيلَةٍ كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَمْ غَيْرَهُ؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْتُلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْ غَيْرِ نَائِرَةٍ هُوَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ لَا يَنْتَظِرُ بِهِ وَلِيَّ الْمَقْتُولِ، قَالَ: وَاحْتَجَّ لَهُمْ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ مَذَاهِبَهُمْ بِأَثَرِ مِجْذَرِ بْنِ ⦗١٠١⦘ زِيَادٍ، وَلَوْ كَانَ حَدِيثُهُ مِمَّا يَثْبُتُ قُلْنَا بِهِ، فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ فَهُوَ كَمَا قَالُوا، وَلَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا ثَابِتًا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ فَكُلُّ مَقْتُولٍ قَتَلَهُ غَيْرُ الْمُحَارِبِ فَالْقَتْلُ فِيهِ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {وَمَنْ قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا} [الإسراء: ٣٣]، وَقَالَ: {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [البقرة: ١٧٨] قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: إِنَّمَا بَلَغَنَا قِصَّةُ مِجْذَرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ مُنْقَطِعًا وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ.
Hammad narrates from Ibrahim: Whoever among those who have a share (in the inheritance) pardons, his pardon is a valid pardon. Umar and Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with them both) permitted the pardon of one of the heirs, and they did not ask whether it was a killing by treachery or otherwise.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some of our companions say concerning a man who kills another without any feud that the matter belongs to the imam, and he is not to wait for the heir of the slain; and they took as evidence the incident of Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad. If this narration were established, then it would be so; but until today I have not found that this narration is established, and returning the matter to the heir of the slain is the command of Allah. Allah Almighty says: "And whoever is killed wrongfully, We have given his heir authority." [Surah al-Isra: 33]
And He said: "But whoever is pardoned something by his brother, then let there be a following up with what is fair." [Surah al-Baqarah: 178]
The Shaykh said: What has reached us is that the story of Mujadhdhar bin Ziyad, which is from the narration of al-Waqidi, is munqati' (broken) and da'if (weak).
Hadith Reference السنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الجنايات / 16060
Hadith Grading محدثین: صحيح
Hadith Takhrij «صحيح۔ قول ابراهيم فقط»