السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العدد
Book of Waiting Periods
باب: استبراء أم الولد
Establishing that the womb is free (istibra') of an umm walad
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ⦗٧٣٥⦘ أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا " تَعْتَدُّ بِحَيْضَةٍ ".
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said concerning the umm walad whose master has died: she observes an 'iddah of one menstrual period.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، نا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، نا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ بِحَيْضَةٍ ".
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the 'iddah of an umm walad (a slave woman who has become the mother of her master's child) is one menstrual period.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، نا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ رِجَالٍ وَنِسَائِهِمْ كُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلَادِ رِجَالٍ هَلَكُوا فَتَزَوَّجُوهُنَّ بَعْدَ حَيْضَةٍ وَحَيْضَتَيْنِ فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمْ حَتَّى يَعْتَدِدْنَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا "، قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ: " سُبْحَانَ اللهِ يَقُولُ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ: {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا} [البقرة: ٢٣٤] مَا هُنَّ لَهُمْ بِأَزْوَاجٍ ".
It is narrated from Yahya bin Sa'id: I heard al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) say that Yazid bin Abd al-Malik separated some men from their wives. They had been the mothers of children (umm walads) of men who had died, and these men married them after one or two menstrual periods. He separated them until they had observed an 'iddah of four months and ten days.
Al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Subhan Allah (Glory be to Allah, Allah is free of all imperfection)! Allah says in His Book: "And those of you who die and leave behind wives" [Surah al-Baqarah: 234]. They were not wives to them.
Al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Subhan Allah (Glory be to Allah, Allah is free of all imperfection)! Allah says in His Book: "And those of you who die and leave behind wives" [Surah al-Baqarah: 234]. They were not wives to them.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ الرَّفَّاءُ، نا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، نا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، نا ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ " عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ يُعْتِقُهَا سَيِّدُهَا أَوْ يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا حَيْضَةٌ ".
The jurists of the people of Madinah used to say: The 'iddah of an umm walad is one menstrual period, whether her master dies or he sets her free.
وَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، نا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمِنْهَالِ، نا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، ح قَالَ: وَنا يُوسُفُ قَالَ: وَنا أَبُو الْخَطَّابِ، نا أَبُو بَحْرٍ الْبَكْرَاوِيُّ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، ح قَالَ: وَنا مَطَرٌ، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " لَا تُلْبِسُوا عَلَيْنَا سُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا " وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا، ⦗٧٣٦⦘ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ الْحَافِظُ: قَبِيصَةُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَمْرٍو وَالصَّوَابُ لَا تُلْبِسُوا عَلَيْنَا دِينَنَا مَوْقُوفٌ.
It is narrated from Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him): Do not confuse the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for us. The 'iddah of an umm walad is like the 'iddah of a woman whose husband has died: four months and ten days. In the narration of Yazid: The 'iddah of an umm walad is four months and ten days.
Abu Bakr bin al-Harith al-Faqih said that Abu al-Hasan al-Daraqutni al-Hafiz said: Qabisah did not hear from Amr, and the correct wording is: Do not confuse our religion for us. (It is mawquf.)
Abu Bakr bin al-Harith al-Faqih said that Abu al-Hasan al-Daraqutni al-Hafiz said: Qabisah did not hear from Amr, and the correct wording is: Do not confuse our religion for us. (It is mawquf.)
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَا: نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: " عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ " قَالَ أَبِي: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that the 'iddah of an umm walad is like the 'iddah of a free woman. My father said: This hadith is munkar (rejected).
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ، نا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) that the 'iddah of an umm walad is the 'iddah of a free woman, that is, four months and ten days.
قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ حَفْصُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: " عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا وَإِذَا أُعْتِقَتْ فَعِدَّتُهَا ثَلَاثُ حِيَضٍ "، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَا: أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْيَقْطِينِيُّ، نا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْقَطَّانُ، نا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْخَلَّالُ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، نا زَيْدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، نا أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ: عَلِيٌّ مَوْقُوفٌ وَهُوَ الصَّوَابُ وَهُوَ مُرْسَلٌ لِأَنَّ قَبِيصَةَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ عَمْرٍو.
Shaykh Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Ma'bad Hafs bin Ghaylan narrated it from Sulayman bin Musa with his chain up to Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him): The 'iddah of an umm walad, when her master dies, is four months and ten days, and when she is set free, her 'iddah is three menstrual periods.
Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami and Abu Bakr bin al-Harith (may Allah have mercy on them both) informed us; they said: Ali bin Umar al-Hafiz (may Allah have mercy on him) informed us; Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Ali al-Yaqtini narrated to us; al-Husayn bin Abdullah bin Yazid al-Qattan narrated to us; Abbas bin al-Walid al-Khallal al-Dimashqi narrated to us; Zayd bin Yahya bin Ubayd narrated to us; he said: Abu Ma'bad narrated to us, and he mentioned it. Ali (bin Umar al-Daraqutni) said: It is mawquf, and that is correct, and it is mursal, because Qabisah did not hear from Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him).
Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami and Abu Bakr bin al-Harith (may Allah have mercy on them both) informed us; they said: Ali bin Umar al-Hafiz (may Allah have mercy on him) informed us; Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Ali al-Yaqtini narrated to us; al-Husayn bin Abdullah bin Yazid al-Qattan narrated to us; Abbas bin al-Walid al-Khallal al-Dimashqi narrated to us; Zayd bin Yahya bin Ubayd narrated to us; he said: Abu Ma'bad narrated to us, and he mentioned it. Ali (bin Umar al-Daraqutni) said: It is mawquf, and that is correct, and it is mursal, because Qabisah did not hear from Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، نا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، نا عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، نا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّ مَارِيَةَ " اعْتَدَّتْ بِثَلَاثِ حِيَضٍ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعْنِي أُمَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ " وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ضَعِيفٌ وَرِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ مُذْهَبَةٌ دُونَ الرِّوَايَةِ.
It is narrated from Ata' bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him) that Mariyah (may Allah be pleased with her) observed an 'iddah of three menstrual periods after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), meaning the mother of Ibrahim (may Allah be pleased with him). This is munqati' (broken), Suwayd bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) is a da'if (weak) narrator, and the narration of the group from Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) is that this was his own view (madhhab).
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، نا عَمْرُو بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، نا الْعُمَرِيُّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ عِدَّةِ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ فَقَالَ " حَيْضَةٌ " فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ " فَقَالَ " عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ خَيْرُنَا وَأَعْلَمُنَا " وَفِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ ضَعْفٌ.
It is narrated from Nafi' that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked about the 'iddah of an umm walad, and he said: Her 'iddah is one menstrual period. A man said that Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Her 'iddah is three menstrual periods. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) is the best of us and the most knowledgeable of us. There is weakness in its chain.
وَأَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، نا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا " قَالَ وَكِيعٌ: مَعْنَاهُ إِذَا مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ سَيِّدِهَا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: رِوَايَاتُ خِلَاسٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ يَقُولُونَ وَهِيَ مَحِيفَةٌ.
Khilas bin Amr reports from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the 'iddah of an umm walad is four months and ten days.
Imam Waki' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Its meaning is: when her husband also dies after her master's death.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The narrations of Khilas from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) are not strong according to the scholars of hadith; they say: it is very weak.
Imam Waki' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Its meaning is: when her husband also dies after her master's death.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The narrations of Khilas from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) are not strong according to the scholars of hadith; they say: it is very weak.
