السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العدد
Book of Waiting Periods
باب: استبراء من ملك الأمة
Istibra' for one who comes to own a slave woman
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَدَّاكِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَفَعَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي سَبَايَا أَوْطَاسٍ " لَا تُوطَأُ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ وَلَا غَيْرُ ذَاتِ حَمْلٍ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ حَيْضَةً " وَرَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرْسَلًا.
A marfu' hadith is reported from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said concerning the captive women of Awtas: "A pregnant woman is not to be approached for intercourse until she delivers, nor one who is not pregnant until she has had one menstrual period." Al-Sha'bi narrated it from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، نا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ح وَأنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا النُّفَيْلُ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَرْزُوقٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، عَنْ رُوَيْفِعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: قَامَ فِينَا خَطِيبًا قَالَ: أَمَا إِنِّي لَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِلَّا مَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ قَالَ: قَالَ " لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَ مَاءَهُ زَرْعَ غَيْرِهِ يَعْنِي إِتْيَانَ الْحَبَالَى ⦗٧٣٨⦘ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مِنَ السَّبْيِ حَتَّى يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ مَغْنَمًا حَتَّى يَقْسِمَ " لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ سَلَمَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ أَبِي رُوَيْفِعٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ وَزَادَ " أَنْ يُصِيبَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ السَّبْيِ ثَيِّبَةً " وَالصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ.
It is narrated from Ruwayfi' bin Thabit al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he stood among us to deliver a sermon and said: Listen! I will tell you only what I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say on the day of Hunayn: "It is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to water another man's crop with his water, meaning to have intercourse with pregnant women; and it is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to have intercourse with a woman from the captives until he has established that her womb is free (istibra'); and it is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to sell spoils of war before they are distributed." These are the words of the hadith of Ibn Salamah. In the narration of Ibn Bukayr, he said: We went on a military expedition with Abu Ruwayfi' al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), and he mentioned it, and he said: "on the day of Khaybar", and he added: "that he should have intercourse with a previously married woman (thayyib) from the captives."
The correct one is the narration of Muhammad bin Salamah.
The correct one is the narration of Muhammad bin Salamah.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، نا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ: " حَتَّى يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا بِحَيْضَةٍ " قَالَ: أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَالْحَيْضَةُ لَيْسَتْ بِمَحْفُوظَةٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: يَعْنِي فِي حَدِيثِ رُوَيْفِعٍ.
Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: until he establishes that her womb is free (istibra') by one menstrual period.
Imam Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The words "one menstrual period" are not preserved (mahfuz).
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: That is, in the hadith of Ruwayfi' (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The words "one menstrual period" are not preserved (mahfuz).
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: That is, in the hadith of Ruwayfi' (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، نا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأَى امْرَأَةً مُجِحًّا عَلَى بَابِ فُسْطَاطٍ أَوْ قَالَ: خِبَاءٍ فَقَالَ: " لَعَلَّ صَاحِبَ هَذِهِ يُلِمُّ بِهَا، لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَلْعَنَهُ لَعْنَةً تَدْخُلُ مَعَهُ قَبْرَهُ، كَيْفَ يُوَرِّثُهُ وَهُوَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ، وَكَيْفَ يَسْتَرِقُّهُ وَهُوَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، وَالْمُجِحُّ الْحَامِلُ الْمُقْرِبُ وَهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يَرَى أَنَّ بِهَا حَمْلًا وَلَيْسَ بِحَمْلٍ فَيَأْتِيهَا فَتَحْمِلُ مِنْهُ فَيَرَاهُ مَمْلُوكًا وَلَيْسَ بِمَمْلُوكٍ وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ وَطْءِ السَّبَايَا قَبْلَ الِاسْتِبْرَاءِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu al-Darda' (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a pregnant woman at the door of a fustat or a khiba' (tent), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Perhaps her owner has intercourse with her? I intended to curse him with a curse that would enter his grave with him. How can he make him his heir when that is not lawful for him? And how can he take him as a slave when that is not lawful for him?" Imam Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it in his Sahih from Muhammad bin Bashshar, from Abu Dawud. Al-mujihh means being pregnant, or carrying a burden. This is because he sees that she is pregnant while she is not pregnant (that is, not yet pregnant from his seed); then he comes to her (that is, has intercourse with her) and she becomes pregnant from him, and he considers the child a slave while he is not a slave. What is meant by it is that he (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade having intercourse with captive women before istibra' (establishing that the womb is free). Imam Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَزِيرِ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، نا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ح، وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَاعِدٍ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَتِيقٍ الْعَبْسِيُّ بِدِمَشْقَ، نا مَرْوَانُ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " اسْتَبْرَأَ صَفِيَّةَ بِحَيْضَةٍ " ⦗٧٣٩⦘ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ ضَعْفٌ.
It is narrated from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had istibra' observed for Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) with one menstrual period. There is weakness in its chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْفَارِسِيُّ الْمَشَّاطُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ مَطَرٍ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، نا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: " عِدَّةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا مَاتَ سَيِّدُهَا وَالْأَمَةِ إِذَا أُعْتِقَتْ أَوْ وُهِبَتْ حَيْضَةٌ " وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: تُسْتَبْرَأُ الْأَمَةُ بِحَيْضَةٍ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَعَطَاءٍ وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ وَعِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: يَسْتَبْرِئُهَا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِكْرًا.
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the 'iddah of an umm walad when her master dies, or of a slave woman when she is set free or given away as a gift, that is, presented to someone, is one menstrual period.
It was narrated to us from Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that a slave woman is to undergo istibra' with one menstrual period.
It was narrated to us from al-Hasan, Ata', Ibn Sirin and Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on them) that they all said: She is to undergo istibra' even if she is a virgin.
It was narrated to us from Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that a slave woman is to undergo istibra' with one menstrual period.
It was narrated to us from al-Hasan, Ata', Ibn Sirin and Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on them) that they all said: She is to undergo istibra' even if she is a virgin.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ، نا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، نا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَسْتَبْرِئُ الْأَمَةَ الَّتِي لَا تَحِيضُ قَالَ: " كَانَا لَا يَرَيَانِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَتَبَيَّنُ إِلَّا بِثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ ".
It is narrated from Abu Qilabah and Ibn Sirin (may Allah have mercy on them both), concerning a man who has istibra' done for a slave woman who does not menstruate, that they both said: It becomes clear only with three months.
قَالَ: وَنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، وَعَطَاءٍ قَالَا: " وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَا تَحِيضُ فَثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ ".
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated to us from Ibn Ulayyah (may Allah have mercy on him), who narrates from Layth (may Allah have mercy on him), who narrates from Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) and Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him), that if (the slave woman) does not menstruate, then her 'iddah is three months.
قَالَ: وَنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، عَنْ مُعْتَمِرٍ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: " ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ " وَرُوِّينَا أَيْضًا، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ.
Imam al-Bayhaqi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abu Bakr narrated to us from Mu'tamir, who narrates from Sadaqah bin Yasar, who narrates from Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him), that it is three months. Likewise, it was narrated to us from Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) and Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him).
