السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الظهار
Book of Zihar
باب: لا يجزي أن يطعم أقل من ستين مسكينا كل مسكين مدا من طعام بلده
It does not suffice to feed fewer than sixty poor people, each poor person a mudd of the staple food of his land
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ أنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّزَّازُ نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الرِّيَاحِيُّ، نا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ، نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، وَأَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيِّ جَعَلَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ إِنْ غَشِيَهَا حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ رَمَضَانُ، فَلَمَّا مَضَى النِّصْفُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَمُنَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَتَرَبَّعَتْ فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ فَغَشِيَهَا لَيْلًا ثُمَّ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ: " أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً " فَقَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ فَقَالَ: " صُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " فَقَالَ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ قَالَ: " أَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا فَقَالَ: " تَصَدَّقْ بِهَذَا عَلَى سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ.
Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Thawban and Abu Salamah (may Allah have mercy on them both) say that Salamah bin Sakhr al-Bayadi (may Allah be pleased with him) made zihar from his wife until Ramadan had passed. When half of Ramadan had passed, the woman became plump and healthy, and Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) was attracted to her, and he had intercourse with her at night. Then he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and told him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Free a neck (slave)." Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I do not have one. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast two consecutive months." He said: I am not able to do that. He said: "Feed sixty poor people." Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I do not have (the means). A basket of dates containing 15 or 16 sa' of dates was brought to him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Give it in charity to sixty poor people."
وَرَوَاهُ شَيْبَانُ النَّحْوِيُّ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْطَاهُ مِكْتَلًا فِيهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، فَقَالَ: " أَطْعِمْهُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا، وَذَلِكَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدًّا " أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ أنا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ نا مُوسَى بْنُ هَارُونَ نا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ أنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ نا شَيْبَانُ النَّحْوِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ.
Sayyiduna Salamah bin Sakhr (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a basket of dates containing 15 sa', and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Feed it to sixty poor people, and that is one mudd for each poor person."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، نا أَبَانُ، نا يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: " يَعْنِي: الْعَرَقَ زِنْبِيلٌ يَأْخُذُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا " ⦗٦٤١⦘.
Yahya narrates from Abu Salamah bin Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on him) that an 'araq is a basket that holds 15 sa' of dates.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيَّ جَعَلَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ رَمَضَانُ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِكْتَلٍ فِيهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ: " اذْهَبْ وَأَطْعِمْ هَذَا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ شَبِيبٍ نا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْحَرْبِيُّ نا الْهِقْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ، الْمَشْهُورُ عَنْ يَحْيَى مُرْسَلٌ دُونَ ذِكْرِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِيهِ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that Salamah bin Sakhr al-Bayadi (may Allah be pleased with him) made zihar from his wife until Ramadan had passed. He mentioned the hadith up to: a basket containing 15 sa' of dates was brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); he gave it to him and said: "Go and feed (it to) sixty poor people."
This is an error; what is well known from Yahya is mursal, without mention of Abu Hurayrah in it.
This is an error; what is well known from Yahya is mursal, without mention of Abu Hurayrah in it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْعَدْلُ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ امْرَأً قَدْ أُوتِيتُ مِنْ جِمَاعِ النِّسَاءِ مَا لَمْ يُؤْتَ غَيْرِي، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ رَمَضَانُ ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي مَخَافَةَ أَنْ أُصِيبَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فِي بَعْضِ اللَّيْلِ وَأَتَتَابَعُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَنْزِلَ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَنِيَ الصُّبْحُ، فَبَيْنَمَا هِيَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ بِحِيَالٍ مِنِّي إِذَا انْكَشَفَ لِي مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ فَوَثَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ غَدَوْتُ عَلَى قَوْمِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ خَبَرِي فَقُلْتُ: انْطَلِقُوا مَعِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا: لَا وَاللهِ لَا نَذْهَبُ مَعَكَ نَخَافُ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِينَا شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَيَقُولُ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَقَالَةً يَبْقَى عَلَيْنَا عَارُهَا فَاذْهَبْ أَنْتَ فَاصْنَعْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ خَبَرِي فَقَالَ: " أَنْتَ ذَاكَ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا ذَاكَ فَاقْضِ فِيَّ حُكْمَ اللهِ فَإِنِّي صَابِرٌ مُحْتَسِبٌ قَالَ: " أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً "، فَضَرَبْتُ صَفْحَ عُنُقِ رَقَبَتِي بِيَدِي فَقُلْتُ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَصْبَحْتُ أَمْلِكُ غَيْرَهَا قَالَ: " صُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ "، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَهَلْ أَصَابَنِي مَا أَصَابَنِي إِلَّا فِي الصِّيَامِ؟ قَالَ: " فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَقَدْ بِتْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا هَذِهِ وَحْشًا مَا نَجِدُ عَشَاءً، قَالَ: " انْطَلِقْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الصَّدَقَةِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَلْيَدْفَعْهَا إِلَيْكَ فَأَطْعِمْ مِنْهَا وَسْقًا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَتَسْتَعِينُ بِسَائِرِهَا عَلَى عِيَالِكَ "، فَأَتَيْتُ قَوْمِي فَقُلْتُ: وَجَدْتُ عِنْدَكُمُ الضِّيقَ ⦗٦٤٢⦘ كَذَا رُوِيَ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Salamah bin Sakhr al-Bayadi (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I used to have intercourse with women so much that no one besides me even had such desire. When Ramadan began, I made zihar from my wife out of fear of falling into (intercourse with) her. I kept trying, but I did not have the strength to stay apart until morning. One night she was sitting near me when suddenly some part of her body was uncovered, and I ended up having intercourse with her. In the morning I told my people and said: "Come with me to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." They said: By Allah! We will not go with you; we fear that the Qur'an may be revealed about us, or that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) may say something that becomes a cause of shame for us. Go yourself and do what you have to do. I came and informed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Are you the one?" I said: Yes; carry out the punishment on me, for I am patient. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Free a neck (slave)." I struck my own neck with my hand and said: I do not own anything besides this. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast two consecutive months." He says: I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! All this happened only because of fasting. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Feed sixty poor people." I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! We spent the night on empty stomachs; we did not even have an evening meal. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go to the one who collects the charity of Banu Zurayq; he will give you something. Feed one wasq to sixty poor people and give the rest to your family." I came to my people and said: I found hardship with you.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ بْنَ صُبَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَهُمْ أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِيرَوَيْهِ، أنا إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ: " فَاذْهَبْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَلْيَدْفَعْ إِلَيْكَ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَكُلْ بَقِيَّتَهُ أَنْتَ وَأَهْلُكَ "، وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُعْطِي مِنَ الْوَسْقِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ثُمَّ يَأْكُلُ بَقِيَّتَهُ يَعْنِي بَقِيَّةَ الْوَسْقِ.
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrates with his chain; at its end it says that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go to the one who collects the charity from Banu Zurayq; he will give you a wasq of dates. Feed sixty poor people, and feed the rest to yourself and your family." This indicates that sixty poor people were given from the wasq, and he himself ate from what remained.
وَيَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضًا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا ابْنُ السَّرْحِ، نا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ بِهَذَا الْخَبَرِ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِتَمْرٍ فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ وَهُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا فَقَالَ: " تَصَدَّقْ بِهَذَا "، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ عَلَى أَفْقَرَ مِنِّي وَمِنْ أَهْلِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كُلْ أَنْتَ وَأَهْلُكَ "، فَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ مُوَافِقَةٌ لِرِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَابْنِ ثَوْبَانَ فِي قِصَّةِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ فَهِيَ أَوْلَى، وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَوْسِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ فَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates this hadith (saying) that dates were brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave them to him; they were about 15 sa'. He said: "Give it in charity." He said: To someone poorer than myself and my family? He said: "Eat it yourself and feed your family."
فَرُوِيَ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، نا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، عَنْ خُوَيْلَةَ بِنْتِ مَالِكِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ قَالَتْ: ظَاهَرَ مِنِّي زَوْجِي أَوْسُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ فَجِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَشْكُو إِلَيْهِ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُجَادِلُنِي فِيهِ وَيَقُولُ: " اتَّقِي اللهَ فَإِنَّهُ زَوْجُكِ وَابْنُ عَمِّكِ " فَمَا بَرِحْتُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ {قَدْ ⦗٦٤٣⦘ سَمِعَ اللهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا} [المجادلة: ١] قَالَ: " يُعْتِقُ رَقَبَةً " قَالَتْ: لَا يَجِدُ قَالَ: " فَيَصُومُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ مَا بِهِ مِنْ صِيَامٍ قَالَ: " فَلْيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قُلْتُ: مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ، قَالَ: " فَإِنِّي سَأُعِينُهُ بِعَرَقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ " قَالْتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَإِنِّي أُعِينُهُ بِعَرَقٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: " قَدْ أَحْسَنْتِ اذْهَبِي فَأَطْعِمِي بِهَا عَنْهُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَارْجِعِي إِلَى ابْنِ عَمِّكِ " قَالَ: وَالْعَرَقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعًا.
Sayyidah Khuwaylah bint Malik bin Tha'labah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: My husband Aws bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) made zihar from me, so I complained to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) argued with me and said: "Fear Allah, for he is your husband and your cousin (your paternal uncle's son)." I was still in that state when the Qur'an was revealed: "Allah has indeed heard the statement of the woman who was arguing with you about her husband" [Surah al-Mujadilah: 1].
He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him free a slave." Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He does not have one. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him fast two consecutive months." Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He is an old man; he does not have the strength to fast. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him feed sixty poor people." She said: He has nothing to give in charity. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will help him with an 'araq (a basket of dates)." I said: I will provide the second basket. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have done well. Go and feed sixty poor people with it, and go back to your husband." The narrator says: The 'araq was a basket of sixty sa'.
He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him free a slave." Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He does not have one. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him fast two consecutive months." Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: He is an old man; he does not have the strength to fast. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him feed sixty poor people." She said: He has nothing to give in charity. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I will help him with an 'araq (a basket of dates)." I said: I will provide the second basket. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have done well. Go and feed sixty poor people with it, and go back to your husband." The narrator says: The 'araq was a basket of sixty sa'.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، نا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْحَرَّانِيُّ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَالْعَرَقُ مِكْتَلٌ يَسَعُ ثَلَاثِينَ صَاعًا، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَهَذَا أَصَحُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ.
Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated with this chain that one 'araq basket holds 30 sa' of dates.
Abu Dawud said: This is more correct than the hadith of Yahya bin Adam.
Abu Dawud said: This is more correct than the hadith of Yahya bin Adam.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ، نا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى ابْنِ وَزِيرٍ الْمِصْرِيِّ حَدَّثَكُمْ بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، نا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، نا عَطَاءٌ، عَنْ أَوْسٍ أَخِي عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَعْطَاهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ إِطْعَامَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: عَطَاءٌ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَوْسًا وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ قَدِيمُ الْمَوْتِ وَالْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلٌ.
Sayyiduna Aws (may Allah be pleased with him), the brother of Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him), says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him fifteen sa' of barley (to feed) sixty poor people.
Abu Dawud said: Ata did not meet Aws; he was one of the people of Badr and died early, so the hadith is mursal.
Abu Dawud said: Ata did not meet Aws; he was one of the people of Badr and died early, so the hadith is mursal.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ السُّوسِيُّ نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، نا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، نا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ ظِهَارِ أَوْسٍ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: " فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ " قَالَتْ خُوَيْلَةُ: قُلْتُ: وَأِيُّ الرَّقَبَةِ لَنَا وَاللهِ مَا يَخْدُمُهُ غَيْرِي قَالَ: " فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " قَالَتْ: وَاللهِ لَوْلَا أَنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ يَشْرَبُ فِي الْيَوْمِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ لَذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ قَالَ: " فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَتْ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ هِيَ الْأَكْلَةُ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا، فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَطْرِ وَسْقٍ ثَلَاثِينَ صَاعًا وَالْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعًا قَالَ: " لِيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَلْيُرْجِعْكِ " كَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيُّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَرَوَاهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبَانَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ دُونَ ذِكْرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ، فَقَالَ⦗٦٤٤⦘ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " فَقَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ، قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ يُقَالُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا وَيُقَالُ عِشْرُونَ صَاعًا فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " خُذْ هَذَا فَاقْسِمْهُ "، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا أَفْقَرُ مِنِّي، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " كُلْهُ أَنْتَ وَأَهْلُكَ ".
Ikrimah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) the story of Aws's zihar, up to: "then the freeing of a neck (slave)" [Surah al-Mujadilah: 3]. Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "He has no one to serve him except me; we have no slave." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "And whoever does not find (a slave), then fasting for two consecutive months" [Surah al-Mujadilah: 4]. Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: By Allah, if he did not eat and drink three times a day, his sight would go. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "And whoever is not able, then feeding sixty poor people" [Surah al-Mujadilah: 4]. Khuwaylah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "Where would one like him get so much food?" So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called for half a wasq, and a wasq is sixty sa'. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him feed sixty poor people and take you back."
(b) Al-Hakam bin Aban narrates from Ikrimah without mentioning Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both); at its end it says that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him feed sixty poor people." He said: "I do not have (the means)." The narrator says: Dates were brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), probably 15 sa' or 20 sa', and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take this and distribute it." The man said: "Between these two edges of the mountain there is no one more needy than me." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Eat it yourself and feed your family."
Abu Hamzah al-Thumali narrated it thus, and he is da'if (weak).
(b) Al-Hakam bin Aban narrates from Ikrimah without mentioning Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both); at its end it says that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let him feed sixty poor people." He said: "I do not have (the means)." The narrator says: Dates were brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), probably 15 sa' or 20 sa', and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take this and distribute it." The man said: "Between these two edges of the mountain there is no one more needy than me." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Eat it yourself and feed your family."
Abu Hamzah al-Thumali narrated it thus, and he is da'if (weak).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْغُجْدَوَانِيُّ بِبُخَارَى أنا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارِ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ قَالَا: نا خَدِيجُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْجُعْفِيُّ أَخُو زُهَيْرٍ نا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، نا حَامِدُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، نا خَدِيجٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ خَوْلَةَ، أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا دَعَاهَا وَكَانَتْ تُصَلِّي فَأَبْطَأَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي إِنْ أَنَا وَطِئْتُكِ، فَأَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَشَكَتْ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ أَتَتْهُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً " فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ عِنْدِي ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ: " صُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " قَالَ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ: " فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ثَلَاثِينَ صَاعًا " قَالَ: لَسْتُ أَمْلِكُ ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُعِينَنِي قَالَ: فَأَعَانَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا، وَأَعَانَهُ النَّاسُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ثَلَاثِينَ صَاعًا، وَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا أَحَدٌ أَفْقَرُ إليه مِنِّي وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِي، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " خُذْهُ أَنْتَ وَأَهْلُكَ " فَأَخَذَهُ كَذَا رَوَاهُ خَدِيجُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَرَوَاهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ عَنْ خَوْلَةَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ ثَلَاثِينَ صَاعًا وَقَالَ: فَأَعَانَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ فَقْرَهُ وَأَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُ بِأَكْلِهِ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى أَعَانَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، وَكَذَا قَالَ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ وَقَالَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْمَدَنِيُّ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَاءَتْ بِشَطْرِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ فَأَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَيْ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ مَكَانَ مُدٍّ مِنْ بُرٍّ، فَهَذِهِ رِوَايَاتٌ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ وَأَكْثَرُهَا مَرَاسِيلُ وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ فِي حَدِيثِ الْمُجَامِعِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ قَوِيَّةٍ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى مَا قُلْنَاهُ.
Yazid bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with her) was called by her husband while she was busy in prayer, so she was late in coming. Her husband said: You are to me like my mother if I have intercourse with you. Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with her) came and complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had no ruling concerning it. Then she came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a second time, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said (to her husband): "Free a slave." He said: I do not have one, O Messenger of Allah! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast two months." He said: I am not able to. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then feed sixty poor people thirty sa'." He said: Unless you (peace and blessings be upon him) help me, I do not own even that. So he (peace and blessings be upon him) helped him with fifteen sa', and the people gave fifteen sa', making thirty sa' in all. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Feed sixty poor people." He said: No one is more in need of it than me and my family. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Eat it yourself and feed your family." So he took it.
(b) Isra'il (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Abu Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him), but he did not mention Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with her) or the thirty sa'; then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) helped him with fifteen sa' and gave no more than that; he mentioned his poverty, and he ordered him to eat it.
(c) Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) helped him with fifteen sa' of barley.
(d) Abu Yazid al-Madani (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a woman came with half a wasq of barley, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him two mudds of barley in place of wheat.
These are differing narrations, and most of them are mursal.
(b) Isra'il (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Abu Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him), but he did not mention Khawlah (may Allah be pleased with her) or the thirty sa'; then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) helped him with fifteen sa' and gave no more than that; he mentioned his poverty, and he ordered him to eat it.
(c) Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Layla (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) helped him with fifteen sa' of barley.
(d) Abu Yazid al-Madani (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a woman came with half a wasq of barley, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him two mudds of barley in place of wheat.
These are differing narrations, and most of them are mursal.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَوْحٍ الدِّمَشْقِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُمْ نا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْجُوعِيُّ، نا مَسْرُوقُ بْنُ صَدَقَةَ، عَنِ ⦗٦٤٥⦘ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَلَكْتُ قَالَ: " وَيْحَكَ وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ " قَالَ: وَقَعْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِي فِي يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، قَالَ: " أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً " قَالَ: مَا أَجِدُهَا قَالَ: " فَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " قَالَ: مَا أَسْتَطِيعُ قَالَ: " فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَ: مَا أَجِدُ قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَرَقٍ فِيهِ تَمْرٌ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا قَالَ: " خُذْهُ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ " قَالَ: عَلَى أَفْقَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِي، فَوَاللهِ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَحْوَجُ مِنْ أَهْلِي قَالَ: فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ قَالَ: " خُذْهُ وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللهَ وَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ " وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ دُحَيْمٌ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ الْهِقْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that a man said to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): I am ruined. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Woe to you! What has ruined you?" He said: I had intercourse with my wife in the month of Ramadan. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Free a slave." He said: I cannot find one. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast two consecutive months." The man said: I am not able to. He said: "Feed sixty poor people." He said: I cannot find (the means). Then a basket of 15 sa' of dates was brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take it and give it in charity." He said: To someone more needy than myself? By Allah! Between the two mountains of Madinah there is no one more needy than me. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed so much that his molar teeth became visible, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take it, seek Allah's forgiveness, and feed your family." [Hasan li-ghayrihi]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ، بِبَغْدَادَ أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، نا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ طَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي وَقَعْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِي فِي رَمَضَانَ قَالَ: " حَرِّرْ رَقَبَةً " قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ قَالَ: " صُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " قَالَ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ قَالَ: " فَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَى سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ، قَالَ: فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِكْتَلٍ يَكُونُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ يَكُونُ سِتِّينَ رَبْعًا فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: " أَطْعِمْ هَذَا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ أَحْوَجُ مِنَّا، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " اذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْهُ أَهْلَكَ " فِي هَذَا الْمُرْسَلِ تَأْكِيدٌ لِلرِّوَايَةِ الْمَوْصُولَةِ، وَهَذَا أَوْلَى مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ بِالشَّكِّ فِي خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ عِشْرِينَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ بِلَا شَكٍّ، وَسَيُرْوَى إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِ الْأَيْمَانِ الْآثَارُ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي جَوَازِ التَّصْدِقِ بِمُدٍّ عَلَى كُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ وَاللهُ الْمُوَفِّقُ.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: I had intercourse with my wife in the month of Ramadan. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Free a neck (slave)." He said: I do not have one. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast two consecutive months." He said: I am not able to. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Give charity to sixty poor people." He said: I cannot find (the means). Then a basket of 15 sa' of dates was brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave it to him and said: "Feed sixty poor people." He said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Between the two edges of the mountain there is no one more needy than my family. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Go and feed your family."
This mursal narration supports the connected (marfu') narrations; but in what Ata al-Khurasani narrates from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) there is doubt in reporting 15 sa' or 20 sa'.
This mursal narration supports the connected (marfu') narrations; but in what Ata al-Khurasani narrates from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) there is doubt in reporting 15 sa' or 20 sa'.
