السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الخلع والطلاق
Book of Khul and Divorce
باب: من قال لأمته أنت علي حرام لا يريد عتاقا
One who said to his slave woman: "You are forbidden to me" without intending to free her
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ، أنا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْأَعْوَرِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ لَكَ} [التحريم: ١] قَالَ: " حَرَّمَ سُرِّيَّتَهُ ".
Mujahid narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "O Prophet, why do you forbid what Allah has made lawful for you?" [Surah al-Tahrim: 1], that he said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) had declared his slave-woman forbidden to himself.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ كَامِلٍ الْقَاضِي، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ جَدِّي عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ لَكَ} [التحريم: ١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {وَهُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ} [التحريم: ٢]، قَالَ: " كَانَتْ حَفْصَةُ وَعَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا مُتَحَابَّتَيْنِ وَكَانَتَا زَوْجَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَهَبَتْ حَفْصَةُ إِلَى أَبِيهَا تَتَحَدَّثُ عِنْدَهُ فَأَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى جَارِيَتِهِ، فَظَلَّتْ مَعَهُ فِي بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ، وَكَانَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يَأْتِي فِيهِ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا، فَرَجَعَتْ حَفْصَةُ فَوَجَدَتْهَا فِي بَيْتِهَا فَجَعَلَتْ تَنْتَظِرُ خُرُوجَهَا وَغَارَتْ غَيْرَةً شَدِيدَةً فَأَخْرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَارِيَتَهُ وَدَخَلَتْ حَفْصَةُ فَقَالَتْ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ سُؤْتَنِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " وَاللهِ لَأُرْضِيَنَّكِ وَإِنِّي مُسِرٌّ إِلَيْكِ سِرًّا فَاحْفَظِيهِ " فَقَالَ: " إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكِ أَنَّ سُرِّيَّتِي هَذِهِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ رِضًا لَكِ "، وَكَانَتْ حَفْصَةُ وَعَائِشَةُ تَظَاهَرَتَا عَلَى نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَانْطَلَقَتْ حَفْصَةُ فَأَسَرَّتْ إِلَيْهَا سِرًّا وَهُوَ أَنْ أَبْشِرِي، إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَتَاتَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَتْ بِسِرِّ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَظْهَرَ اللهُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ لَكَ} [التحريم: ١] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ.
Atiyyah bin Sa'd narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning: "O Prophet, why do you forbid what Allah has made lawful for you?" up to the saying of Allah Almighty: "and He is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise" [Surah al-Tahrim: 1-2] ("O Prophet, why have you forbidden what Allah has made lawful for you, and He is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise."). He said: Sayyidah Hafsah and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with them both) loved one another, and both were wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) went to her father's house to talk with him, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent for his slave-woman, and she stayed with him in the house of Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her); and that was the day of Sayyidah Aishah's (may Allah be pleased with her) turn. When Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) returned, she found the slave-woman in her house, so she waited for her to leave and felt intense jealousy. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent the slave-woman out, and Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) entered the house. She said: "I have seen who was with you. By Allah, you have hurt me." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah, I will surely please you; but keep my secret hidden and guard it." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I call you to witness that I have made this slave-woman of mine forbidden to myself for your pleasure." Sayyidah Hafsah and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with them both) supported each other and stood together among the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). So Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) disclosed that secret to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Rejoice, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has made his slave-woman forbidden to himself." When Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) told the secret of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah made it known to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). And Allah revealed these verses to His Messenger: "O Prophet, why do you forbid what Allah has made lawful for you?" [Surah al-Tahrim: 1] ("O Prophet, why have you declared forbidden what Allah Almighty had made lawful for you?")
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَطَّةَ نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، نا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ يَطَؤُهَا فَلَمْ تَزَلْ بِهِ حَفْصَةُ حَتَّى جَعَلَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ حَرَامًا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاةَ أَزْوَاجِكَ} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ".
Thabit narrates from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had a slave-woman with whom he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to have relations. Because of the insistence of Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her), he (peace and blessings be upon him) declared that slave-woman forbidden to himself, so Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O Prophet, why do you forbid what Allah has made lawful for you, seeking the pleasure of your wives?" [Surah al-Tahrim: 1]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ أنا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ الْهَرَوِيُّ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، نا هُشَيْمٌ، أنا عُبَيْدَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَجُوَيْبِرٌ، ⦗٥٧٩⦘ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ، أَنَّ حَفْصَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا زَارَتْ أَبَاهَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَكَانَ يَوْمُهَا، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يَرَهَا فِي الْمَنْزِلِ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَمَتِهِ مَارِيَةَ الْقِبْطِيَّةِ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهَا فِي بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ فَجَاءَتْ حَفْصَةُ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالَةِ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَتَفْعَلُ هَذَا فِي بَيْتِي وَفِي يَوْمِي؟ قَالَ: " فَإِنَّهَا عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ لَا تُخْبِرِي بِذَلِكَ أَحَدًا "، فَانْطَلَقَتْ حَفْصَةُ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ فَأَخْبَرَتْهَا بِذَلِكَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ لَكَ} [التحريم: ١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {وَصَالِحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [التحريم: ٤] فَأُمِرَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَيُرَاجِعَ أَمَتَهُ " وَبِمَعْنَاهُ ذَكَرَهُ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ مُرْسَلًا.
Al-Dahhak (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) went to visit her father on the day of her turn. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came and did not see her in the house, he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent for his slave-woman Mariyah the Copt and had relations with her in the house of Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her). Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) came while they were in that state and said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), what is this you have done, in my house and on my day?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "She is forbidden to me; but do not tell anyone about this." Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) went and told Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), so Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "O Prophet, why do you forbid what Allah has made lawful for you?" [Surah al-Tahrim: 1] up to His saying: "and the righteous among the believers" [Surah al-Tahrim: 4]. He (peace and blessings be upon him) was commanded to make expiation for his oath and to take back his slave-woman.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، نا هُشَيْمٌ، نا دَاوُدُ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَلَفَ لِحَفْصَةَ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَ أَمَتَهُ وَقَالَ: " هِيَ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ "، فَنَزَلَتِ الْكَفَّارَةُ لِيَمِينِهِ وَأُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يُحَرِّمَ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ " هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَاهُ مَوْصُولًا فِي الْبَابِ قَبْلَهُ.
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) swore to Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) that he would not go near his slave-woman, and said: "She is forbidden to me." So the expiation for his oath was revealed, and he was commanded: "Do not forbid what Allah has made lawful." [Surah al-Tahrim: 1]
This is mursal, and we have narrated it with a connected chain in the previous chapter.
This is mursal, and we have narrated it with a connected chain in the previous chapter.
وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ فَدَخَلَتْ فَرَأَتْ فَتَاتَهُ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَتْ فِي بَيْتِي وَيَوْمِي؟ فَقَالَ: " اسْكُتِي، فَوَاللهِ لَا أَقْرَبُهَا وَهِيَ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ " أَخْبَرَنَاه أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ نا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ.
Ibn Abi Arubah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was in the house of Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her). When Sayyidah Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her) came in, she saw the slave-woman with him (peace and blessings be upon him). She said: "In my house and on my day?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Be quiet. By Allah, I will not go near her; she is forbidden to me."
