السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسم والنشوز
Book of Dividing Time Between Wives and Marital Discord
باب: ما جاء في قول الله عز وجل: وإن امرأة خافت من بعلها نشوزا أو إعراضا فلا جناح عليهما أن يصلحا بينهما صلحا والصلح خير
Reports on the saying of Allah the Mighty and Majestic: "And if a woman fears ill-treatment or aversion from her husband, there is no sin on them if they make a settlement between them, and settlement is best"
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَا: نا إِسْحَاقُ، أنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، نا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا} [النساء: ١٢٨] قَالَتْ: " نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ لَا يَسْتَكْثِرُ مِنْهَا فَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا وَيَتَزَوَّجَ ⦗٤٨٣⦘ غَيْرَهَا فَتَقُولُ: لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَأَمْسِكْنِي وَأَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِنَ النَّفَقَةِ وَالْقِسْمَةِ لِي، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا} الْآيَةَ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ.
Hisham bin Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said concerning this saying of Allah Almighty, "And if a woman fears from her husband ill-conduct or desertion" [Surah al-Nisa: 128]: This verse was revealed about a woman whose husband is not much attached to her, and he wants to divorce her and marry another woman, so she says: Do not divorce me; keep me with you, and you are free (of obligation) regarding maintenance and my turn. So Allah, the Lord of Might, said: "There is no blame on them if they make terms of settlement between them, and settlement is best." [Surah al-Nisa: 128]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، " أَنَّ ابْنَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ فَكَرِهَ مِنْهَا أَمْرًا إِمَّا كِبَرًا أَوْ غَيْرَهُ، فَأَرَادَ طَلَاقَهَا فَقَالَتْ: لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَاقْسِمْ لِي مَا بَدَا لَكَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا} [النساء: ١٢٨] الْآيَةَ ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The daughter of Muhammad bin Maslamah (may Allah be pleased with him) was married to Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him). He disliked something about her, either old age or something else, and he intended to divorce her. She said: Do not divorce me, and allot me whatever turn you see fit. So Allah, the Lord of Might, revealed this verse: "And if a woman fears from her husband ill-conduct" [Surah al-Nisa: 128].
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، نا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ " أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ ذَكَرَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمَا نُشُوزَ الْمَرْءِ وَإِعْرَاضَهُ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا} [النساء: ١٢٨] إِلَى تَمَامِ الْآيَتَيْنِ أَنَّ الْمَرْءَ إِذَا نَشَزَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَآثَرَ عَلَيْهَا فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْحَقِّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا أَوْ تَسْتَقِرَّ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ مِنْ أَثَرَةٍ فِي الْقَسَمِ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ، فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّتْ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَكَرِهَتْ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فَلَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا آثَرَ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْرِضْ عَلَيْهَا الطَّلَاقَ وَصَالَحَهَا عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ مَا تَرْضَاهُ وَتَقَرُّ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى الْأَثَرَةِ فِي الْقَسَمِ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَنَفْسِهِ صَلُحَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَجَازَ صُلْحُهُمَا عَلَيْهِ " كَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَسُلَيْمَانُ الصُّلْحَ الَّذِي قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ} وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ لِي أَنَّ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كَبِرَتْ تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا فَتَاةً شَابَّةً فَآثَرَ عَلَيْهَا الشَّابَّةَ فَنَاشَدَتْهُ الطَّلَاقَ فَطَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً ثُمَّ أَمْهَلَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَادَتْ تَحِلُّ رَاجَعَهَا ثُمَّ عَادَ فَآثَرَ الشَّابَّةَ عَلَيْهَا فَنَاشَدَتْهُ الطَّلَاقَ فَطَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ أَمْهَلَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَادَتْ تَحِلُّ رَاجَعَهَا ثُمَّ عَادَ فَآثَرَ الشَّابَّةَ عَلَيْهَا فَنَاشَدَتْهُ الطَّلَاقَ فَقَالَ: مَا شِئْتِ إِنَّمَا بَقِيَتْ لَكِ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِنْ شِئْتِ اسْتَقْرَرْتِ عَلَى مَا تَرَيْنَ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ فَارَقْتُكِ، فَقَالَتْ: لَا بَلِ أَسْتَقِرُّ عَلَى الْأَثَرَةِ فَأَمْسَكَهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ صُلْحَهُمَا وَلَمْ يَرَ رَافِعٌ عَلَيْهِ إِثْمًا حِينَ رَضِيَتْ بِأَنْ تَسْتَقِرَّ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى الْأَثَرَةِ فِيمَا آثَرَ بِهِ عَلَيْهَا.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib and Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on them both) said: The Sunnah regarding these two verses, in which Allah, the Lord of Might, mentioned a man's ill-conduct towards his wife and his turning away from her, "And if a woman fears from her husband ill-conduct or desertion" [Surah al-Nisa: 128], is this: when a man treats his wife badly or prefers another over her, it is a duty upon him to give her the choice that either he divorces her or she stays with him, even though he prefers another over her in his own person and wealth. If the woman wishes to stay with him and does not want divorce, there is no harm on the man in preferring another over her. If the man does not divorce her but agrees to give the woman as much wealth as she wishes, and she wishes to stay with him despite the preference in wealth and turns, the settlement between them is valid. In this way Sa'id bin al-Musayyib and Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on them both) mentioned the settlement: "There is no blame on them if they make terms of settlement between them, and settlement is best." [Surah al-Nisa: 128]. Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) had a wife; when she grew old, he married a young girl. The old woman demanded a divorce, so Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced her. Then he kept her waiting, and when she was close to becoming free (from her waiting period), he took her back. Then Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the young girl preference over her, so she again demanded a divorce, and Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) gave her a second divorce as well. Then he kept her waiting, and when she was close to becoming free, he again took her back. Then Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) gave preference to the young girl, and the old woman again demanded a divorce. Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Now this is the last chance. If you wish, I will divorce you; if you wish to remain despite this preference, that is fine; otherwise I will separate from you. So the old woman chose to remain despite the preference. So he kept her; that was the settlement between them. And Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) did not consider that preference a sin, since she had agreed to stay.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا مُسْلِمٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " تُوُفِّيَ عَنْ تِسْعِ نِسْوَةٍ وَكَانَ يَقْسِمُ لِثَمَانٍ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, he (peace and blessings be upon him) had nine wives, and he used to allot turns to eight.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَلِيمٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، نا أَبُو الْمُوَجِّهِ، أنا عَبْدَانُ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ، أنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرًا أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا مَعَهُ وَكَانَ يَقْسِمُ لِكُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ يَوْمَهَا وَلَيْلَتَهَا " غَيْرَ أَنَّ سَوْدَةَ بِنْتَ زَمْعَةَ وَهَبَتْ يَوْمَهَا وَلَيْلَتَهَا لِعَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ رِضَا رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُقَاتِلٍ وَحِبَّانُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to travel, he would cast lots among his wives, and whoever's lot came out, he would take her with him. And he (peace and blessings be upon him) allotted turns to all his wives except Sayyidah Sawdah bint Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with her), because Sawdah bint Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with her) had gifted her turn to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), seeking the pleasure of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، نا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، نا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، نا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: لَمَّا أَنْ كَبِرَتْ سَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا وَهَبَتْ يَوْمَهَا لِعَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقْسِمُ لَهَا بِيَوْمِ سَوْدَةَ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: When Sayyidah Sawdah bint Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with her) grew old, she gifted her turn to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would assign Sayyidah Sawdah's day to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) as well.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، نا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: خَشِيَتْ سَوْدَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَأَمْسِكْنِي وَاجْعَلْ يَوْمِي لِعَائِشَةَ فَفَعَلَ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا} [النساء: ١٢٨] قَالَ: فَمَا اصْطَلَحَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Sayyidah Sawdah (may Allah be pleased with her) feared that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) might divorce her, so she said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Do not divorce me; keep me with you and assign my day to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her). So he (peace and blessings be upon him) did so, and this verse was revealed: "And if a woman fears from her husband ill-conduct or desertion" [Surah al-Nisa: 128]. He said: Whatever the husband and wife settle upon is permissible.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ النَّضْرَوِيّ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، نا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أُنْزِلَ فِي سَوْدَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا وَأَشْبَاهِهَا {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا} [النساء: ١٢٨] وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ سَوْدَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً قَدْ أَسَنَّتْ فَفَرِقَتْ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَضَنَّتْ بِمَكَانِهَا مِنْهُ وَعَرَفَتْ مِنْ حُبِّ ⦗٤٨٥⦘ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَائِشَةَ وَمَنْزِلَتِهَا مِنْهُ فَوَهَبَتْ يَوْمَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا فَقَبِلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ مَوْصُولًا كَمَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهُ فِي أَوَّلِ كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ.
Hisham bin Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father that this verse was revealed concerning Sayyidah Sawdah (may Allah be pleased with her) and women like her: "And if a woman fears from her husband ill-conduct or desertion" [Surah al-Nisa: 128]. That is, Sayyidah Sawdah (may Allah be pleased with her) was a woman who had grown old, and she became anxious that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) might separate from her. She knew of the love of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) for Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) and of her rank and position, so she gifted her turn to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) accepted it.
