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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسم والنشوز
Book of Dividing Time Between Wives and Marital Discord
باب: ما جاء في قول الله عز وجل: وإن امرأة خافت من بعلها نشوزا أو إعراضا فلا جناح عليهما أن يصلحا بينهما صلحا والصلح خير
Chapter: Reports on the saying of Allah the Mighty and Majestic: "And if a woman fears ill-treatment or aversion from her husband, there is no sin on them if they make a settlement between them, and settlement is best"
Bayhaqi 14731 — Reports on the saying of Allah the Mighty
اُردوEn
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، نا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ " أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ ذَكَرَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمَا نُشُوزَ الْمَرْءِ وَإِعْرَاضَهُ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا} [النساء: ١٢٨] إِلَى تَمَامِ الْآيَتَيْنِ أَنَّ الْمَرْءَ إِذَا نَشَزَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَآثَرَ عَلَيْهَا فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْحَقِّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا أَوْ تَسْتَقِرَّ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ مِنْ أَثَرَةٍ فِي الْقَسَمِ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ، فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّتْ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَكَرِهَتْ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فَلَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا آثَرَ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْرِضْ عَلَيْهَا الطَّلَاقَ وَصَالَحَهَا عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ مَا تَرْضَاهُ وَتَقَرُّ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى الْأَثَرَةِ فِي الْقَسَمِ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَنَفْسِهِ صَلُحَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَجَازَ صُلْحُهُمَا عَلَيْهِ " كَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَسُلَيْمَانُ الصُّلْحَ الَّذِي قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ} وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ لِي أَنَّ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ حَتَّى إِذَا كَبِرَتْ تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا فَتَاةً شَابَّةً فَآثَرَ عَلَيْهَا الشَّابَّةَ فَنَاشَدَتْهُ الطَّلَاقَ فَطَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً ثُمَّ أَمْهَلَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَادَتْ تَحِلُّ رَاجَعَهَا ثُمَّ عَادَ فَآثَرَ الشَّابَّةَ عَلَيْهَا فَنَاشَدَتْهُ الطَّلَاقَ فَطَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ أَمْهَلَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَادَتْ تَحِلُّ رَاجَعَهَا ثُمَّ عَادَ فَآثَرَ الشَّابَّةَ عَلَيْهَا فَنَاشَدَتْهُ الطَّلَاقَ فَقَالَ: مَا شِئْتِ إِنَّمَا بَقِيَتْ لَكِ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِنْ شِئْتِ اسْتَقْرَرْتِ عَلَى مَا تَرَيْنَ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ فَارَقْتُكِ، فَقَالَتْ: لَا بَلِ أَسْتَقِرُّ عَلَى الْأَثَرَةِ فَأَمْسَكَهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ صُلْحَهُمَا وَلَمْ يَرَ رَافِعٌ عَلَيْهِ إِثْمًا حِينَ رَضِيَتْ بِأَنْ تَسْتَقِرَّ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى الْأَثَرَةِ فِيمَا آثَرَ بِهِ عَلَيْهَا.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib and Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on them both) said: The Sunnah regarding these two verses, in which Allah, the Lord of Might, mentioned a man's ill-conduct towards his wife and his turning away from her, "And if a woman fears from her husband ill-conduct or desertion" [Surah al-Nisa: 128], is this: when a man treats his wife badly or prefers another over her, it is a duty upon him to give her the choice that either he divorces her or she stays with him, even though he prefers another over her in his own person and wealth. If the woman wishes to stay with him and does not want divorce, there is no harm on the man in preferring another over her. If the man does not divorce her but agrees to give the woman as much wealth as she wishes, and she wishes to stay with him despite the preference in wealth and turns, the settlement between them is valid. In this way Sa'id bin al-Musayyib and Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on them both) mentioned the settlement: "There is no blame on them if they make terms of settlement between them, and settlement is best." [Surah al-Nisa: 128]. Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) had a wife; when she grew old, he married a young girl. The old woman demanded a divorce, so Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced her. Then he kept her waiting, and when she was close to becoming free (from her waiting period), he took her back. Then Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the young girl preference over her, so she again demanded a divorce, and Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) gave her a second divorce as well. Then he kept her waiting, and when she was close to becoming free, he again took her back. Then Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) gave preference to the young girl, and the old woman again demanded a divorce. Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Now this is the last chance. If you wish, I will divorce you; if you wish to remain despite this preference, that is fine; otherwise I will separate from you. So the old woman chose to remain despite the preference. So he kept her; that was the settlement between them. And Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) did not consider that preference a sin, since she had agreed to stay.
