السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصداق
Book of the Dowry
باب: من قال من أغلق بابا أو أرخى سترا فقد وجب الصداق وما روي في معناه
One who said: whoever closes a door or lets down a curtain, the dowry becomes due, and reports with this meaning
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ " قَضَى فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا الرَّجُلُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أُرْخِيَتِ السُّتُورُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) gave a ruling concerning a woman whom a man marries: When the curtains are let down, the dower (mahr) becomes obligatory.
قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ فَأُرْخِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمَا السُّتُورُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ ".
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him): When the man goes in to the woman and the curtains are let down, the dower (mahr) has become obligatory.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُبَشِّرٍ، ثنا تَمِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْتَصِرِ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا أُجِيفَ الْبَابُ وَأُرْخِيَتِ السُّتُورُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْمَهْرُ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): When the door is closed and the curtain is let down, the dower (mahr) becomes obligatory.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا ⦗٤١٧⦘ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا سَعِيدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَا: " إِذَا أَغْلَقَ بَابًا وَأَرْخَى سِتْرًا فَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ كَامِلًا وَعَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ ".
Al-Ahnaf bin Qays (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: When the door is closed and the curtain is let down, the full dower (mahr) must be paid, and the waiting period ('iddah) is also upon the woman.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ عَبَّادٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَسَدِيَّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا أَغْلَقَ بَابًا وَأَرْخَى سِتْرًا فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ ".
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When he has closed the door and let down the curtain, the dower (mahr) has become obligatory.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ قَالَا: أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، أنبأ عَوْفٌ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى قَالَ: " قَضَاءُ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابًا وَأَرْخَى سِتْرًا فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ وَالْعِدَّةُ " هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ، زُرَارَةُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُمْ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا مَوْصُولًا.
Zurarah bin Awfa (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The Rightly Guided Caliphs (may Allah be pleased with them) used to say: When he has closed the door and let down the curtain, the dower (mahr) and the waiting period ('iddah) have become obligatory.
This is mursal; Zurarah did not meet them, and we have narrated it from Umar and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) with a connected chain.
This is mursal; Zurarah did not meet them, and we have narrated it from Umar and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) with a connected chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ " فِي رَجُلٍ يَخْلُو بِالْمَرْأَةِ فَيَقُولُ: لَمْ أَمَسَّهَا وَتَقُولُ قَدْ مَسَّنِي قَالَ: الْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهَا ".
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) concerning a man who was alone in seclusion with a woman; he says: I did not have intercourse with her, and the woman says: He did have intercourse with me. He said: The woman's word is to be accepted.
وَرَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: تَزَوَّجَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ امْرَأَةً فَقَالَ عِنْدَهَا، فَرَآهَا خَضْرَاءَ فَطَلَّقَهَا وَلَمْ يَمَسَّهَا، فَأَرْسَلَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: " لَهَا الصَّدَاقُ كَامِلًا " قَالَ: إِنَّهُ مِمَّنْ لَا يُتَّهَمُ قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ يَا مَرْوَانُ لَوْ كَانَتْ حُبْلَى أَكُنْتَ مُقِيمًا عَلَيْهَا الْحَدَّ؟ قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: فَلَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَرْدَسْتَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ثنا سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ وَرَوَاهُ بُكَيْرُ بْنُ الْأَشَجِّ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ وَذَكَرَ فِي الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمْ أَطَأْهَا وَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: قَدْ وَطِئَنِي ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهَا: فَكَذَلِكَ تُصَدَّقُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِثْلَ هَذَا ظَاهِرُ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُمَا جَعَلَا الْخَلْوَةَ كَالْقَبْضِ فِي الْبُيُوعِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا ذَنْبُهُنَّ إِنْ جَاءَ الْعَجْزُ مِنْ قِبَلِكُمْ، وَذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُقْضَى بِالْمَهْرِ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَدَّعِ الْمَسِيسَ ⦗٤١٨⦘ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَأَمَّا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فَظَاهِرُ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْهُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُوجِبُهُ بِنَفْسِ الْخَلْوَةِ لَكِنْ يُجْعَلُ الْقَوْلُ قولها فِي الْإِصَابَةِ، وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِإِسْنَادٍ مُرْسَلٍ.
Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Al-Harith bin al-Hakam married a woman, and on seeing some defect in her, al-Harith divorced her without touching her. Marwan sent someone to ask Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him), and Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: She is due the full dower (mahr). He said: He is not accused of anything (of lying). Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If she were pregnant, would you then impose the prescribed punishment (hadd) on her? Marwan said: No. Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Then no.
(b) Sulayman (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned a similar story in which the man said: I did not have intercourse with her, while the woman said that he had had intercourse with her. At the end of it is: Likewise, the woman is to be believed in a case like this.
(c) The apparent meaning of what we have narrated from Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) indicates that they treated taking the woman into seclusion like taking possession in sales.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: What is the fault of these women, if the incapacity comes from your side? That indicates that the dower is to be ruled for even if she does not claim intercourse.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: As for Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him), the apparent meaning of the report from him indicates that the dower does not become obligatory by mere seclusion, but that the woman's word is accepted regarding intercourse. Something on this has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with a mursal chain.
(b) Sulayman (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned a similar story in which the man said: I did not have intercourse with her, while the woman said that he had had intercourse with her. At the end of it is: Likewise, the woman is to be believed in a case like this.
(c) The apparent meaning of what we have narrated from Sayyiduna Umar and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) indicates that they treated taking the woman into seclusion like taking possession in sales.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: What is the fault of these women, if the incapacity comes from your side? That indicates that the dower is to be ruled for even if she does not claim intercourse.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: As for Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him), the apparent meaning of the report from him indicates that the dower does not become obligatory by mere seclusion, but that the woman's word is accepted regarding intercourse. Something on this has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with a mursal chain.
كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ كَشَفَ امْرَأَةً فَنَظَرَ إِلَى عَوْرَتِهَا فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ " قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا ذَلِكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَرَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَأَبِي الزِّنَادِ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ. وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرْسَلًا: " مَنْ كَشَفَ خِمَارَ امْرَأَةٍ وَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الصَّدَاقُ دَخَلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ " وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَذْهَبَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَبَعْضُ رُوَاتِهِ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Muhammad bin Thawban (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever lifts a woman's covering and looks at her, the dower (mahr) has become obligatory."
(b) Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Thawban narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever lifts a woman's head-covering and looks at her, the dower is due from him, whether he consummated the marriage or not."
This is munqati' (broken), and some of its narrators are not used as evidence.
(b) Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Thawban narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever lifts a woman's head-covering and looks at her, the dower is due from him, whether he consummated the marriage or not."
This is munqati' (broken), and some of its narrators are not used as evidence.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الطَّائِيِّ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: " تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ غِفَارٍ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا فَأَمَرَهَا فَنَزَعَتْ ثَوْبَهَا فَرَأَى بِهَا بَيَاضًا مِنْ بَرَصٍ عِنْدَ ثَدْيِهَا فَانْمَازَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ خُذِي ثَوْبَكِ فَأَصْبَحَ وَقَالَ لَهَا: " الْحَقِي بِأَهْلِكِ " فَأَكْمَلَ لَهَا صَدَاقَهَا ".
Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Zayd al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) married a woman from the tribe of Ghifar. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) went in to her, he told her to take off her clothes. He (peace and blessings be upon him) saw white patches of leprosy (baras) near her breasts, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) drew away and said: "Take your clothes." He (peace and blessings be upon him) waited until morning and said: "Go to your family." He (peace and blessings be upon him) paid her the full dower (mahr).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ السَّرَّاجُ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، قَالَ كَعْبٌ: تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ فَأُهْدِيَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَرَأَى بِكَشْحِهَا ⦗٤١٩⦘ وَضَحًا مِنْ بَيَاضٍ قَالَ: " ضُمِّي إِلَيْكِ ثِيَابَكِ وَالْحَقِي بِأَهْلِكِ وَأَلْحَقَ لَهَا مَهْرَهَا ".
Zayd bin Ka'b said that Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) married a woman from Banu Ghifar. She was sent to him (she had been presented to him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) saw white patches on her side, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Put on your clothes and go to your family." And he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid her dower (mahr).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، ثنا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْوَرْكَانِيُّ، ثنا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ غُصْنٍ، عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ غِفَارٍ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَجَدَ بِكَشْحِهَا بَيَاضًا فَقَالَ: " ضُمِّي إِلَيْكِ ثِيَابَكِ " وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِمَّا آتَاهَا شَيْئًا هَذَا مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ عَلَى جَمِيلِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ كَمَا تَرَى قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ لَمْ يَصِحَّ حَدِيثُهُ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) married a woman from Banu Ghifar. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) went in to her, he saw white patches on her side and said: "Put on your clothes." He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not take back anything of what he had given her.
There is disagreement on this from Jamil bin Zayd, as you see. Al-Bukhari said: His hadith is not authentic.
There is disagreement on this from Jamil bin Zayd, as you see. Al-Bukhari said: His hadith is not authentic.
