السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما جاء في قول الله تعالى: {وأمهات نسائكم وربائبكم اللاتي في حجوركم من نسائكم اللاتي دخلتم بهن} [النساء: ٢٣] الآية
Reports on the saying of Allah the Exalted: "And the mothers of your wives and your stepdaughters under your guardianship born of your wives with whom you have consummated marriage" [al-Nisa: 23] to the end of the verse
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دُرُسْتَوَيْهِ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي شَمْخٍ مِنْ فَزَارَةَ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً ثُمَّ رَأَى أُمَّهَا فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ، فَاسْتَفْتَى ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا وَيَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَوْلَادًا، ثُمَّ أَتَى ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّهَا " لَا تَحِلُّ ⦗٢٥٨⦘ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ قَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ: " إِنَّهَا عَلَيْكَ حَرَامٌ إِنَّهَا لَا تَنْبَغِي لَكَ فَفَارِقْهَا ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said that a man married a woman of Banu Shamkh, a branch of the Fazarah tribe; then he saw the girl's mother and she pleased him more. He sought a ruling from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) about it, and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled that he should separate from the girl and marry her mother. The man married her and also had children by her. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah and asked about it, and he was told that she was not lawful for him. Then when he came (back) to Kufah, he said to that man: She is forbidden to you; she is not proper for you; separate from her.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا حُدَيْجُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِيَاسٍ وَهُوَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي شَمْخٍ، فَرَأَى بَعْدُ أُمَّهَا، فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ، فَذَهَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي " تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً لَمْ أَدْخُلْ بِهَا، ثُمَّ أَعْجَبَتْنِي أُمُّهَا، فَأُطَلِّقُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَأَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّهَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَطَلَّقَهَا، فَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا، فَأَتَى عَبْدُ اللهِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَسَأَلَ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالُوا: لَا تَصْلُحُ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ، فَأَتَى بَنِي شَمْخٍ، فَقَالَ: " أَيْنَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ؟ قَالُوا: هَاهُنَا قَالَ: فَلْيُفَارِقْهَا، قَالُوا: وَقَدْ نَثَرَتْ لَهُ بَطْنُهَا؟ قَالَ: فَلْيُفَارِقْهَا فَإِنَّهَا حَرَامٌ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ "، وَبِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى رَوَاهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ.
It is narrated from Sa'd bin Iyas (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man married a woman of Banu Shamkh; after that, the man saw her mother and she pleased him. That man went to Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "I have married a woman but have not yet had intercourse with her; then her mother pleased me more. Shall I divorce this woman and marry her mother?" Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Yes, do so." He divorced her and married her mother. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah and asked the noble Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), and they said: "This is not right." Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Banu Shamkh and said: "Where is the man who married the mother of the woman who was in his marriage?" They said: "Here he is." Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Let him separate from her." They said that she had already become pregnant. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Let him separate from her; she is forbidden by Allah."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا الْحَجَّاجُ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، أنبأ الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا أَيَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّهَا؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ، " فَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: " فَرِّقْ بَيْنَهُمَا " قَالَ: إِنَّهَا قَدْ وَلَدَتْ قَالَ: " وَإِنْ وَلَدَتْ عَشْرًا " فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا.
Abu Amr al-Shaybani (may Allah have mercy on him) said that a man asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him): May a man who divorces his wife before consummating the marriage marry her mother? He said: Yes. He married her, and children were born. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he said: Separate them. He said: But he has already had children by her. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Even if ten children have been born, separate them all the same.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، ثنا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيَّ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُرَخِّصُ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً، فَمَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا قَالَ: فَأَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ، فَكَأَنَّهُ لَقِيَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " فَرَجَعَ "، كَذَا رَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ فِي الْمَوْتِ، وَخَالَفَهُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ فِي الطَّلَاقِ، وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ سُفْيَانُ، وَشُعْبَةُ فَالْحُكْمُ لِرِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ لِأَنَّهُ أَحْفَظُ وَأَفْقَهُ، وَمَعَ رِوَايَةِ سُفْيَانَ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو.
Abu Amr al-Shaybani said that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) used to permit a man whose wife died before consummation to marry her mother. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Madinah and met Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and he retracted (that view).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا هَلْ تَحِلُّ لَهُ أُمُّهَا؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: " لَا الْأُمُّ مُبْهَمَةٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَرْطٌ إِنَّمَا الشَّرْطُ فِي الرَّبَائِبِ "، هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: إِنْ ⦗٢٥٩⦘ كَانَتْ مَاتَتْ فَوَرِثَهَا، فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أُمُّهَا، وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا، فَإِنَّهُ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ، وَقَوْلُ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَوْلَى.
Yahya bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked whether a man who, after marrying, divorces his wife before having intercourse with her may marry her mother. Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No; she is her mother, there is no doubt about this, and there is no condition attached to it; the condition is only regarding the (wife's) daughters.
(b) Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If she dies, marriage to her mother is not permissible; and if he divorces her, then he may marry (her mother) if he wishes.
This report is munqati' (its chain is broken).
(b) Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If she dies, marriage to her mother is not permissible; and if he divorces her, then he may marry (her mother) if he wishes.
This report is munqati' (its chain is broken).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: هِيَ مُبْهَمَةٌ وَكَرِهَهَا ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: It (the prohibition of the wife's mother) is unqualified, and he disliked it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ} [النساء: ٢٣] قَالَ: " مَا أَرْسَلَ اللهُ، فَأَرْسِلُوهُ وَمَا بَيَّنَ فَاتَّبِعُوهُ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: {وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ} [النساء: ٢٣] قَالَ: فَأَرْسَلَ هَذِهِ وَبَيَّنَ هَذِهِ "، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَطَاءٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مُسْنَدٌ.
Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said concerning the saying of Allah: "And the mothers of your wives" [Surah al-Nisa: 23]: What Allah has left (unqualified), you also leave it (so), and what He has made clear, follow it. Then he recited: "And your stepdaughters who are raised under your guardianship, born of your wives with whom you have had intercourse; but if you have not had intercourse with them, there is no sin upon you." [Surah al-Nisa: 23] He left this (unqualified) and made that clear.
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا مُعَلَّى، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ثنا مُثَنَّى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِذَا نَكَحَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا، فَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهَا، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ أُمَّهَا "، مُثَنَّى بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ، وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that: "When a man marries a woman and then divorces her before having intercourse with her, he may marry her daughter, but he may not marry her mother."
Muthanna bin al-Sabbah is not strong (ghayr qawi), though Abdullah bin Lahi'ah corroborated him in this narration from Amr.
Muthanna bin al-Sabbah is not strong (ghayr qawi), though Abdullah bin Lahi'ah corroborated him in this narration from Amr.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗٢٦٠⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةً، فَدَخَلَ بِهَا، أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ نِكَاحُ أُمِّهَا، وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةً، فَدَخَلَ بِهَا، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ نِكَاحُ ابْنَتِهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا، فَلْيَنْكِحِ ابْنَتَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ " وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالصَّوَابِ.
Amr bin Shu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever marries a woman, whether he has had intercourse with her or not, may not marry her mother; and whoever marries a woman and also has intercourse with her may not marry her daughter either; if he has not consummated the marriage, he may marry her daughter if he wishes."
