السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب قسم الفيء والغنيمة
Book of the Division of Fai and Spoils of War
باب: لا يفرض واجبا إلا لبالغ يطيق مثله القتال
A fixed stipend is assigned only to an adult capable of fighting
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أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " عَرَضَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ لِلْقِتَالِ، قَالَ: وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، فَلَمْ يُجِزْنِي، قَالَ: ثُمَّ عَرَضَنِي يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، فَأَجَازَنِي " قَالَ نَافِعٌ: فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَهُوَ إِذْ ذَاكَ خَلِيفَةٌ، فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْحَدَّ بَيْنَ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ. ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ بِأَنْ يَفْرِضُوا لِمَنْ بَلَغَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَمَا كَانَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهُ مَعَ الْعِيَالِ. رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُبَيْدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called him forward to fight on the day of Uhud. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I was fourteen years old, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not permit me. Then he called me forward on the day of al-Khandaq, when I was fifteen years old, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted me. Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I came to Umar bin Abd al-Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) when he was caliph, and I narrated this hadith to him. He said: This is the dividing line between the young and the adult. Then he wrote to his governors to allot a share for whoever had reached fifteen years, and whoever was below that, to include him with the household.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " اجْتَمِعُوا لِهَذَا الْفَيْءِ حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ فِيهِ "، قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ بَعْدُ: " إِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُكُمْ أَنْ تَجْتَمِعُوا لَهُ حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ فِيهِ، وَإِنِي قَرَأْتُ آيَاتٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَاسَتْغَنَيْتُ بِهِنَّ، قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الحشر: ٧] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ} [الحشر: ٧]، وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ} [الحشر: ٨] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ}، وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ، وَلَئِنْ بَقِيتُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ لَأُلْحِقَنَّ آخِرَ النَّاسِ بِأَوَّلِهِمْ، فَلَأَجْعَلَنَّهُمْ بَبَّانًا وَاحِدًا، يَعْنِي بَاجًا وَاحِدًا "، قَالَ: فَجَاءَ ابْنٌ لَهُ وَهُوَ يَقْسِمُ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنُ ⦗٥٧٤⦘ لُهَيَّةَ، امْرَأَةٌ كَانَتْ لِعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اكْسُنِي خَاتَمًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " الْحَقْ بِأُمِّكَ تَسْقِيكَ شَرْبَةً مِنْ سَوِيقٍ، فَوَاللهِ مَا أَعْطَاهُ شَيْئًا ".
Zayd bin Aslam narrated from his father that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Gather this fay' wealth so that we may look into it. Then later he said to them: I had commanded you to gather it so that we may look into it, and I have read verses in the Book of Allah and found them sufficient. Allah says: "What Allah has given as fay' to His Messenger from the people of the towns belongs to Allah and to the Messenger" [Surah al-Hashr: 7] up to His words "severe in punishment" [Surah al-Hashr: 7]. By Allah, it is not for these alone. Then he read: "For the poor emigrants who were driven out of their homes and their properties" [Surah al-Hashr: 8]. Then he read: "And those who came after them say: Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith" [Surah al-Hashr: 10]. By Allah, it is not for these alone either. And if I remain until next year, I will surely join the last of the people with the first of them, and I will surely make them all one single category. While he was distributing, a son of his came, Abd al-Rahman bin Luhayyah, from one of the wives of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and said: Give me a ring to wear. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Go to your mother; she will give you a drink of sawiq (barley gruel). By Allah, he did not give him anything.
