السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الوصايا
Book of Wills
باب: ما جاء في كتاب الوصية
Reports on writing a will
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو ⦗٤٦٩⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ صَاعِدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زُنْبُورٍ، ثنا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: " كَانُوا يَكْتُبُونَ فِي صُدُورِ وَصَايَاهُمْ: هَذَا مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ، أَوْصَى أَنَّهُ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا، وَأَنَّ اللهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ، وَأَوْصَى مَنْ تَرَكَ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ أَنْ يَتَّقُوا اللهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ، وَأَنْ يُصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِهِمْ، وَيُطِيعُوا اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَوْصَاهُمْ بِمَا وَصَّى بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ: {يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ} [البقرة: ١٣٢] ".
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that they used to write at the beginning of their wills: This is the will of so-and-so son of so-and-so; he testifies that 'La ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lahu' (there is no god but Allah alone, He has no partner), and 'wa anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluhu' (and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is His servant and His Messenger), and that "the Hour is coming, there is no doubt about it, and Allah will raise up those who are in the graves" [Surah al-Hajj: 7]; and they enjoined those after them to fear Allah "as He deserves to be feared" [Surah Al Imran: 102], to "live in harmony among themselves" [Surah al-Anfal: 1], and to "obey Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), if they are believers" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]; and they would enjoin upon them what Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and Ya'qub (peace be upon him) enjoined upon their sons: "O my sons, Allah has chosen the religion for you, so do not die except in a state of Islam" [Surah al-Baqarah: 132].
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، أنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، ثنا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ وَصِيَّةُ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: " ذِكْرُ مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ بَنِيهِ وَبَنِي أَهْلِهِ، أَنْ يَتَّقُوا اللهَ، وَيُصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِهِمْ، وَأَنْ يُطِيعُوا اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَوْصَاهُمْ بِمَا وَصَّى بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ {يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ} [البقرة: ١٣٢]، وَأَوْصَاهُمْ أَنْ لَا يَدَعُوا أَنْ يَكُونُوا إِخْوَانَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَمَوَالِيَهُمْ؛ فَإِنَّ الْعَفَافَ وَالصِّدْقَ أَتْقَى وَأَكْرَمُ مِنَ الزِّنَا وَالْكَذِبِ، وَأَوْصَاهُمْ فِيمَا تَرَكَ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُغَيِّرَ وَصِيَّتِي ".
Ibn Awn said: The will of Ibn Sirin (may Allah have mercy on him) was: Muhammad bin Abi Amrah enjoined upon his children and the children of his family that they "fear Allah, set things right among themselves, and obey Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), if they are believers" [Surah al-Anfal: 1]; and he enjoined upon them what Ibrahim and Ya'qub (peace be upon them) enjoined upon their sons: "O my sons, Allah has chosen the religion for you, so do not die except in a state of Islam" [Surah al-Baqarah: 132]; and he enjoined upon them not to give up being brothers of the Ansar and their mawali (clients), for chastity and truthfulness are more God-fearing and more honourable than fornication and lying; and he gave them instructions concerning what he left behind, in case something should befall me before I change my will.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أنا أَبُو حَيَّانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَتَبَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ خُثَيْمٍ وَصِيَّتَهُ: " {بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ} [الفاتحة: ١]، هَذَا مَا أَوْصَى الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ خُثَيْمٍ، وَأُشْهِدُ اللهَ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَفَى بِاللهِ شَهِيدًا وَجَازِيًا لِعِبَادِهِ الصَّالِحِينَ مُثِيبًا، أَنِّي رَضِيتُ بِاللهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَبِيًّا، وَإِنِّي آمُرُ نَفْسِي وَمَنْ أَطَاعَنِي أَنْ يَعْبُدَ اللهَ فِي الْعَابِدِينَ، وَيَحْمَدَهُ فِي الْحَامِدِينَ، وَأَنْ يَنْصَحَ لِجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ".
Yahya bin Sa'id reports from his father that al-Rabi' bin Khuthaym (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote his will: 'Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). This is the will of al-Rabi' bin Khuthaym, and I make Allah a witness over it, and He suffices as a witness, and He is the One who rewards His righteous servants. I am pleased with Allah as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) as Prophet. I command myself and whoever obeys me that we worship Allah among the worshippers, praise Him among those who praise, and be sincere well-wishers to all the Muslims.
