السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: لا يرث القاتل
A killer does not inherit
Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ مِنْ دِيَةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ ".
It is narrated from Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The killer does not inherit from the blood money of the one he killed."
أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ الطَّرَسُوسِيِّ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ: " لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلُ عَمْدٍ وَلَا خَطَأٍ شَيْئًا مِنَ الدِّيَةِ " أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَا الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ.
It is narrated from Ibn Abi Dhi'b (may Allah have mercy on him) that one who kills deliberately and one who kills by mistake will not inherit anything of the blood money.
وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي حَفْصُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ حَرْمَلَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ أَنَّ عَدِيًّا الْجُذَامِيَّ كَانَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ اقْتَتَلَتَا، فَرَمَى إِحْدَاهُمَا فَمَاتَتْ مِنْهَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَتَاهُ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " اعْقِلْهَا، وَلَا تَرِثْهَا ".
Sayyiduna Adi al-Judhami (may Allah be pleased with him) had two wives, and the two of them fought. He threw a stone at one of them and she died from it. When he came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned this, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Pay her blood money, and you do not inherit from her."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ يُدْعَى قَتَادَةَ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ، وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنْهَا ابْنَانِ، فَتَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، فَقَالَتْ: لَا أَرْضَى عَنْكَ حَتَّى تَرْعَى عَلَيَّ أُمُّ وَلَدِكَ، فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَرْعَى عَلَيْهَا، فَأَبَى ابْنَاهَا ذَلِكَ، فَتَنَاوَلَ قَتَادَةُ أَحَدَ ابْنَيْهِ بِالسَّيْفِ فَمَاتَ، فَقَدِمَ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُعْشُمٍ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَعْدِدْ لِي بِقُدَيْدٍ، وَهِيَ أَرْضُ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ، عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَخَذَ ثَلَاثِينَ جَذَعَةً وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيْنَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ؟ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَيْسَ لِلْقَاتِلِ شَيْءٌ " هَذِهِ مَرَاسِيلُ جَيِّدَةٌ يَقْوَى بَعْضُهَا بِبَعْضٍ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ.
Amr bin Shu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A man from Banu Mudlij named Qatadah had an umm walad (a slave-woman who had borne him children), and he had two sons from her. Qatadah married a woman from the Arabs. That Arab woman said: I will only be pleased with you if you tell your umm walad to serve me. Qatadah ordered the umm walad to serve her, but her sons refused. Qatadah went after one of his sons with a sword, and he died. Suraqah bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and mentioned the whole affair. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Get ready for me at Qudayd, which is the land of Banu Mudlij, one hundred and twenty camels. When Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came, he took thirty jadha'ah, thirty hiqqah and forty pregnant camels, then said: Where is the brother of the slain man? I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "There is nothing for the killer."
These are good mursal reports which strengthen one another, and it has also been narrated with connected chains through several routes.
These are good mursal reports which strengthen one another, and it has also been narrated with connected chains through several routes.
مِنْهَا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ أَبُو الشَّيْخِ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، ثنا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ ⦗٣٦١⦘ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ شَيْءٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ يَرِثُهُ أَقْرَبُ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ شَيْئًا ".
Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is nothing for the killer (from the inheritance of the slain). If (the slain) has no heir, the nearest of people to him will inherit from him, and the killer will inherit nothing."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَيْسَ لِلْقَاتِلِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ شَيْءٌ " رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشِ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، وَالْمُثَنَّى بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَهُ.
Amr bin Shu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is nothing in the inheritance for the killer."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنا أَبُو الشَّيْخِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: وَهُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ بَرْقٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُهُ، وَإِنَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُ "، وَإِنْ كَانَ وَلَدَهُ أَوْ وَالِدَهُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ مِيرَاثٌ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever kills someone cannot inherit from him, even if he has no heir other than him, and even if (the killer) is his child or his father." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave this very ruling: "There is no inheritance for the killer."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " الْقَاتِلُ لَا يَرِثُ " إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ شَوَاهِدَهُ تُقَوِّيهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The killer cannot inherit."
Ishaq bin Abdullah is not used as evidence, but its supporting reports (shawahid) strengthen it, and Allah knows best.
Ishaq bin Abdullah is not used as evidence, but its supporting reports (shawahid) strengthen it, and Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْدَوَيْهِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ آدَمَ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: " لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ خَطَأً وَلَا عَمْدًا ".
It is narrated from al-Sha'bi that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The killer cannot inherit, whether he kills by mistake or deliberately.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَزَيْدٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ، قَالُوا: " لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ عَمْدًا وَلَا خَطَأً شَيْئًا ".
It is narrated from al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) that Ali, Zayd and Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them) used to say: "The killer cannot inherit, whether he kills deliberately or by mistake."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا يَزِيدُ، أنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَمَى بِحَجَرٍ فَأَصَابَ أُمَّهُ فَمَاتَتْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَأَرَادَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ إِخْوَتُهُ: لَا حَقَّ لَكَ، فَارْتَفَعُوا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: " حَظُّكَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا الْحَجَرُ، وَأَغْرَمَهُ الدِّيَةَ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا شَيْئًا ".
Qatadah narrates from Khilas that a man threw a stone and it struck his mother, and she died. He then wanted to take his share of his mother's inheritance. His brother said to him: You have no right. So he came to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: Your share of the inheritance was only the stone. He imposed the blood money on him and gave him nothing from that woman's inheritance.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا يَزِيدُ، أنا حَبِيبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ هَرِمٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: " أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً مِمَّنْ يَرِثُ، فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُ مِنْهُمَا، وَأَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ قَتَلَتْ رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهَا مِنْهُمَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْقَتْلُ عَمْدًا فَالْقَوَدُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوا أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ، فَإِنْ عَفَوْا فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ، وَلَا مِنْ مَالِهِ، قَضَى بِذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا وَشُرَيْحٌ وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ قُضَاةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ".
Jabir bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Any man who kills a man or a woman, deliberately or by mistake, has nothing from their inheritance; and any woman who kills a man or a woman, deliberately or by mistake, has nothing from their inheritance. If the killing was deliberate, then there is retaliation, unless the heirs of the slain forgive. If they forgive, then he has no inheritance from his blood money or from his wealth. This is how Umar bin al-Khattab and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both), Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) and other judges of the Muslims ruled.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنا هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ السَّلْمَانِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَقِيمٌ لَا يُولَدُ لَهُ، وَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ أَخِيهِ وَارِثَهُ، فَقَتَلَهُ ثُمَّ احْتَمَلَهُ لَيْلًا حَتَّى أَتَى بِهِ حَيًّا آخَرِينَ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى بَابِ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ يَدَّعِيهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى تَسَلَّحُوا وَرَكِبَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، فَقَالَ ذَوُو الرَّأْيِ وَالنَّهْيِ: عَلَى مَا يَقْتُلُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا وَهَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيكُمْ، فَأَتَوْهُ، فَقَالَ: " {إِنَّ اللهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ} [البقرة: ٦٧]، قَالَ: فَلَوْ لَمْ يَعْتَرِضُوا الْبَقَرَ لَأَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُمْ أَدْنَى بَقَرَةٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ شَدَّدُوا فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْبَقَرَةِ الَّتِي أُمِرُوا بِذَبْحِهَا، فَوَجَدُوهَا عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ بَقَرَةٌ غَيْرَهَا، فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ لَا أَنْقُصُهَا مِنْ مِلْءِ جِلْدِهَا ذَهَبًا، فَأَخَذُوهَا بِمِلْءِ جِلْدِهَا ذَهَبًا، فَذَبَحُوهَا فَضَرَبُوهُ بِبَعْضِهَا، فَقَامَ، فَقَالُوا: مَنْ قَتَلَكَ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا، لِابْنِ أَخِيهِ، ثُمَّ مَالَ مَيِّتًا، فَلَمْ يُعْطَ ابْنُ أَخِيهِ مِنْ مَالِهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَمْ يُوَرَّثْ قَاتِلٌ بَعْدَهُ ".
Ubaydah al-Salmani (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Among the Children of Israel there was a barren man who had no children, and he had a great deal of wealth, and his nephew was his heir. The nephew killed him, carried the body at night and left it at the door of a man of another clan. Then in the morning he made a claim against them, until they took up arms for battle and began riding out against one another. A man of sound judgement said: Why are you about to kill one another, when the Messenger of Allah is among you? So that messenger said: "Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter a cow" [Surah al-Baqarah: 67]. They said: "Are you making a mockery of us?" [Surah al-Baqarah: 67]. He said: "I seek refuge with Allah from being among the ignorant" [Surah al-Baqarah: 67]. Had they not raised objections about the cow, even the most ordinary cow would have been sufficient for them; but they were strict, so strictness was imposed on them, until they came to the very cow they had been commanded to slaughter. They found it with a man who had no cow other than it. He said: I will not take anything less than its skin filled (with gold). So they took the cow for its skin filled with gold and slaughtered it, and they struck the dead man with part of it, and he stood up. They asked: Who killed you? He said: My nephew. Then he fell dead again. So his nephew was given nothing from his wealth, and no killer was made an heir after him.
