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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: لا يرث المملوك
Chapter: A slave does not inherit
Bayhaqi 12235 — A slave does not inherit
اُردوEn
اسْتِدِلَالًا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَهُ الْمُبْتَاعُ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَيِّنًا فِي سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَمْلِكُ مَالًا، وَأَنَّ مَا يَمْلِكُ الْعَبْدُ فَإِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُهُ سَيِّدُهُ، وَلَمْ يَكُنِ السَّيِّدُ بِأَبِي الْمَيِّتِ، وَلَا وَارِثٍ سُمِّيَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ، فَكُنَّا لَوْ أَعْطَيْنَا ⦗٣٦٠⦘ الْعَبْدَ بِأَنَّهُ أَبٌ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَا السَّيِّدَ الَّذِي لَا فَرِيضَةَ لَهُ، فَوَرَّثْنَا غَيْرَ مَنْ وَرَّثَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ نُوَرِّثْ عَبْدًا لِمَا وَصَفْتُ، وَلَا أَحَدًا لَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ فِيهِ الْحُرِّيَّةُ وَالْإِسْلَامُ وَالْبَرَاءَةُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَبِهِ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ.
Salim bin Abdullah narrates from his father (Abdullah bin Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sells a slave who has wealth, his wealth belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates it."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Since it is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that a slave does not own wealth, and that whatever the slave owns is in reality owned by his master, while the master is not the father of the deceased, nor an heir with a fixed share, then if we were to give to the slave because he is the father, we would in fact be giving to the master who has no fixed share, and we would have made an heir of someone whom Allah did not make an heir. For this reason we will not make a slave an heir, nor anyone in whom freedom and Islam are not combined, nor one who is not free of having killed (the deceased).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Since it is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that a slave does not own wealth, and that whatever the slave owns is in reality owned by his master, while the master is not the father of the deceased, nor an heir with a fixed share, then if we were to give to the slave because he is the father, we would in fact be giving to the master who has no fixed share, and we would have made an heir of someone whom Allah did not make an heir. For this reason we will not make a slave an heir, nor anyone in whom freedom and Islam are not combined, nor one who is not free of having killed (the deceased).
