السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب إحياء الموات
Book of Reviving Barren Land
باب: ما جاء في الحمى
Reports on protected pasture (hima)
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أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا ابْنُ مِلْحَانَ، وَعُبَيْدُ بْنُ شَرِيكٍ، قَالَا: ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " ⦗٢٤٢⦘ لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ "، قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَمَى النَّقِيعَ، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ حَمَى الشَّرَفَ وَالرَّبَذَةَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدٍ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ هَكَذَا.
Sayyiduna al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no protected pasture except for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)." The narrator says: It has reached us that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set aside al-Naqi' as a protected pasture, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) set aside al-Sharaf and al-Rabadhah as protected pastures.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أنبأ مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ الصَّعْبَ بْنَ جَثَّامَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: " لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ " قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ حِمًى، بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْمِيهِ لِإبلِ الصَّدَقَةِ.
Sayyiduna al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "There is no protected pasture except for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)."
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) also had a protected pasture; it has reached me that he used to protect it for the charity camels.
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) also had a protected pasture; it has reached me that he used to protect it for the charity camels.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَاهَانَ الْحَرَّانِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَمَى النَّقِيعَ وَقَالَ: " لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ " قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: هَذَا وَهْمٌ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: لِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ: حَمَى النَّقِيعَ، مِنْ قَوْلِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ.
It is narrated from al-Sa'b bin Jaththamah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set aside al-Naqi' as a protected pasture and said: "There is no protected pasture except for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)."
Al-Bukhari said: This is an error (wahm). The Shaykh said: Because his words "he set aside al-Naqi' as a protected pasture" are the words of al-Zuhri; Ibn Abi al-Zinad also reported it that way from Abd al-Rahman bin al-Harith.
Al-Bukhari said: This is an error (wahm). The Shaykh said: Because his words "he set aside al-Naqi' as a protected pasture" are the words of al-Zuhri; Ibn Abi al-Zinad also reported it that way from Abd al-Rahman bin al-Harith.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبِرْتِيُّ، ثنا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " حَمَى النَّقِيعَ لِخَيْلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَرْعَى فِيهِ ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) set aside al-Naqi' as a protected pasture for the horses of the Muslims, "that they may graze in it."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعَدْلُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ اسْتَعْمَلَ مَوْلًى لَهُ يُدْعَى هُنَيًّا عَلَى الْحِمَى، ⦗٢٤٣⦘ فَقَالَ لَهُ: " يَا هُنِيُّ، اضْمُمْ جَنَاحَكَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ؛ فَإِنَّ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ مُجَابَةٌ، وَأَدْخِلْ رَبَّ الصُّرَيْمَةِ وَالْغُنَيْمَةِ، وَإِيَّايَ وَنَعَمَ ابْنِ عَفَّانَ وَنَعَمَ ابْنِ عَوْفٍ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا إِنْ تَهْلِكْ مَاشِيَتُهُمَا يَرْجِعَانِ إِلَى نَخْلٍ وَزَرْعٍ، وَإِنَّ رَبَّ الصُّرَيْمَةِ وَالْغُنِيمَةِ إِنْ تَهْلِكْ مَاشِيَتُهُمَا يَأْتِنِي بِبَيْتِهِ فَيَقُولُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَفَتَارِكُهُمْ أَنَا لَا أَبَا لَكَ؟ فَالْمَاءُ وَالْكَلَأُ أَيْسَرُ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ، وَايْمُ اللهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَرَوْنَ أَنِّي قَدْ ظَلَمْتُهُمْ، إِنَّهَا لَبِلَادُهُمْ قَاتَلُوا عَلَيْهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَأَسْلَمُوا عَلَيْهَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْلَا الْمَالُ الَّذِي أَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ مَا حَمَيْتُ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ شِبْرًا " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ.
Zayd bin Aslam narrates from his father that Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) appointed his freed slave named Hunayy as the overseer of the (state) protected pasture and instructed him: O Hunayy! Keep your hand back from the Muslims (do not oppress them), and always beware of the curse of the oppressed, for the curse of the oppressed is answered. And you should be wary regarding the livestock of Ibn Awf and Ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with them both) (who are wealthy) (that is, because of their wealth do not give their livestock precedence in the pasture over the livestock of the poor); for even if their livestock perish, these wealthy people can gain their livelihood from their date groves and fields. But the owner of a few camels and a few goats (who is poor), if his livestock perish, will bring his children to me and plead: O Commander of the Faithful! Shall I abandon them? Therefore, arranging fodder and water for them (beforehand) is easier for me than arranging gold and silver for them. By Allah! They (the people of Madinah) will think that I have wronged them, because these lands are theirs; they fought for them in the time of Ignorance, and after they accepted Islam their ownership of them was upheld. By the One in whose hand is my soul! Were it not for that wealth (the horses) on which I mount people in jihad, I would not have made even a hand-span of their territory a protected pasture.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى الْحِيرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْحَرَشِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيُّ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي أُسَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ وَفْدَ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ قَدْ أَقْبَلُوا، فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا بِهِ أَقْبَلُوا نَحْوَهُ، قَالَ: وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهِ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَتَوْهُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: ادْعُ بِالْمُصْحَفِ وَافْتَحِ السَّابِعَةَ، وَكَانُوا يُسَمُّونَ سُورَةَ يُونُسَ السَّابِعَةَ، فَقَرَأَهَا حَتَّى أَتَى عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ لَكُمْ مِنْ رِزْقٍ فَجَعَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ حَرَامًا وَحَلَالًا قُلْ آللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمْ أَمْ عَلَى اللهِ تَفْتَرَونَ}، قَالُوا: لَهُ قِفْ، أَرَأَيْتَ مَا حَمَيْتَ مِنَ الْحِمَى، آللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكَ أَمْ عَلَى اللهِ تَفْتَرِي؟ فَقَالَ: " امْضِهْ، نَزَلَتْ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَأَمَّا الْحِمَى فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ حَمَى الْحِمَى قَبْلِي لِإبلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَلَمَّا وُلِّيتُ زَادَتْ إِبِلُ الصَّدَقَةِ فَزِدْتُ فِي الْحِمَى لِمَا زَادَ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ".
Abu Sa'id, the freed slave of Abu Usayd al-Ansari, says: Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) heard that the delegation of the people of Egypt had come, so he went out to meet them. When they heard of him, they also came towards him; and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) disliked their coming to him in Madinah. They came to him and said: Call for the Mushaf and open the seventh (they used to call Surah Yunus the seventh). He began to recite. When he reached this verse: "Say: Have you considered what Allah has sent down to you of provision, and you have made some of it unlawful and some lawful? Say: Has Allah permitted you, or do you invent lies about Allah?" [Surah Yunus: 59], they said to Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him): Stop! What do you say about the pasture you have set aside? Has Allah permitted you, or are you inventing lies about Allah? He said: Carry on! This verse was revealed about such-and-such. As for the matter of the pasture, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) set it aside before me for the charity camels. When I took office, the charity camels increased, so I enlarged the pasture.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ دَعْلَجٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: اشْتَرَيْتُ إِبِلًا وَأَنْجَعْتُهَا إِلَى الْحِمَى، فَلَمَّا سَمِنَتْ قَدِمْتُ بِهَا، قَالَ: فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ السُّوقَ فَرَأَى إِبِلًا سِمَانًا فَقَالَ: " لِمَنْ هَذِهِ الْإِبِلُ؟ " قِيلَ: لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: " يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بَخٍ بَخٍ ابْنَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَالَ: فَجِئْتُهُ أَسْعَى فَقُلْتُ: مَا لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: " مَا هَذِهِ الْإِبِلُ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: إِبِلٌ أَنْضَاءُ اشْتَرَيْتُهَا وَبَعَثَتُ بِهَا إِلَى الْحِمَى أَبْتَغِي مَا يَبْتَغِي الْمُسْلِمُونَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: " ارْعَوْا إِبِلَ ابنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اسْقُوا إِبِلَ ابْنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ اغْدُ عَلَى رَأْسِ مَالِكَ وَاجْعَلْ بَاقِيَهُ فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ " ⦗٢٤٤⦘ هَذَا الْأَثَرُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ غَيْرَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَفِيهِ وَفِيمَا قَبْلَهُ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا حِمَى إِلَّا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ "، أَرَادَ بِهِ أَنْ لَا حِمَى إِلَّا عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا حَمَى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُهُ فِي صَلَاحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: I bought a camel and sent it off to the protected pasture. When it became fat, I brought it back. Then Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came, saw the camel in the market and asked: Whose camel is this? It was said: Abdullah bin Umar's. He (may Allah be pleased with him) began to say: Well done, son of the Commander of the Faithful! Ibn Umar says: I came running and asked: O Commander of the Faithful! What is the matter? He said: Whose camel is this? I said: I bought it and sent it to the protected pasture, just as the other Muslims did. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: (They will have) said: Graze the camel of the son of the Commander of the Faithful, water the camel of the son of the Commander of the Faithful. Then he said: O Ibn Umar! Take your capital and put the rest into the Bayt al-Mal (public treasury).
This indicates that it is not permissible for anyone other than the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to make a private pasture for himself; and this and the earlier reports indicate that the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), "The protected pasture is for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)," means a pasture made for the welfare of the Muslims.
This indicates that it is not permissible for anyone other than the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to make a private pasture for himself; and this and the earlier reports indicate that the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), "The protected pasture is for Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)," means a pasture made for the welfare of the Muslims.
