السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الرهن
Book of Pledges
باب: من قال: الرهن مضمون
Those who said: A pledge is liable to compensation
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وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَّابٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَوْرٍ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا يُغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ " قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَكَ قَوْلَكَ: " لَا يُغْلَقُ الرَّهْنُ "، أَهُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ: إِنْ لَمْ آتِكَ بِمَالِكَ فَهَذَا الرَّهْنُ لَكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْهُ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنْ هَلَكَ لَمْ يَذْهَبْ حَقُّ هَذَا، إِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مِنْ رَبِّ الرَّهْنِ لَهُ غُنْمُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ.
Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The pledged item is not to be withheld." Ma'mar said: I said to him (al-Zuhri): Tell me, does your statement "The pledge is not to be withheld" refer to a man saying: If I do not bring you your money, this pledge is yours? He said: Yes. Ma'mar said: Later it reached me from him that he said: If it perishes, this man's right is not lost; it perishes only as the loss of the owner of the pledge, for its gain is his and its loss is his.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْحَنَفِيُّ بِهَرَاةَ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ خَرْمٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّوَارِبِ، ثنا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التُّسْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ " قَالَ أَبُو حَازِمٍ: تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْمَانِيُّ. ⦗٦٨⦘ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ بَيْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ.
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The pledge is in exchange for what it was given for; that is, if the item perishes while with the one holding the pledge, it will count in exchange for his money."
Abu Hazim said: Hassan bin Ibrahim al-Kirmani alone narrated it. The Shaykh said: It is munqati' (broken) between Amr bin Dinar and Abu Hurayrah.
Abu Hazim said: Hassan bin Ibrahim al-Kirmani alone narrated it. The Shaykh said: It is munqati' (broken) between Amr bin Dinar and Abu Hurayrah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا زَكَرِيَّا السَّاجِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ أَبِي عَبَّادٍ الذَّارِعَ يَقُولُ: ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ " قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ: وَأَبُو عَبَّادٍ اسْمُهُ أُمَيَّةُ بَصْرِيٌّ، قَالَهُ زَكَرِيَّا السَّاجِيُّ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ قِيلَ: إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ الذَّارِعُ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْهُ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ مَرْفُوعًا قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: إِسْمَاعِيلُ هَذَا يَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ، وَهَذَا لَا يَصِحُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ عَنْهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَالْأَصْلُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ وَفِيهِ مِنَ الْوَهَنِ مَا فِيهِ.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The pledge is in exchange for what it was given for." The Shaykh said: It has been said that he is Isma'il bin Abi Umayyah al-Dhari'. Likewise another narration has been reported from him with this chain: from Sa'id bin Rashid, from Humayd, from Anas, and it is marfu' (attributed to the Prophet). Abu al-Hasan al-Daraqutni (may Allah have mercy on him) said that this Isma'il used to fabricate hadiths and that this hadith is not authentic.
The basis in this chapter is a mursal hadith, and it has the weakness that it has.
The basis in this chapter is a mursal hadith, and it has the weakness that it has.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطَاءً يُحَدِّثُ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَهَنَ فَرَسًا، فَنَفَقَ فِي يَدِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ: " ذَهَبَ حَقُّهُ " وَقَدْ كَفَانَا الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ بَيَانَ وَهَنِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: زَعَمَ الْحَسَنُ كَذَا، ثُمَّ حَكَى هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: كَانَ عَطَاءٌ يَتَعَجَّبُ مِمَّا رَوَى الْحَسَنُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنِيهِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ رَوَاهُ عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَسَكَتَ عَنِ ⦗٦٩⦘ الْحَسَنِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَصْحَابُ مُصْعَبٍ يَرْوُونَهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، كَذَلِكَ حُدِّثْنَا، وَلَكِنْ عَطَاءٌ مُرْسَلٌ اتَّفَقَ مِنَ الْحَسَنِ مُرْسَلٌ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى وَهَنِ هَذَا عِنْدَ عَطَاءٍ، إِنْ كَانَ رَوَاهُ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً يُفْتِي بِخِلَافِهِ، وَيَقُولُ فِيهِ بِخِلَافِ هَذَا كُلِّهِ، يَقُولُ: فِيمَا ظَهَرَ هَلَاكُهُ أَمَانَةٌ، وَفِيمَا خَفِي هَلَاكُهُ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ، وَهَذَا أَثْبَتُ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ يَتَرَادَّانِ مُطْلَقَةً، وَمَا شَكَكْنَا فِيهِ، فَلَا يُشَكُّ أَنَّ عَطَاءً إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ لَا يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُثْبَتًا عِنْدَهُ وَيَقُولُ بِخِلَافِهِ، مَعَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا يَرْوِي هَذَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَّا مُصْعَبًا، وَالَّذِي رَوَى عَنْ عَطَاءٍ رَفَعَهُ مُوَافِقٌ قَوْلَ شُرَيْحٍ أَنَّ الرَّهْنَ بِمَا فِيهِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْفَرَسُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَمِثْلَهُ وَأَقَلَّ، فَلَمْ يَرْوِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ قِيمَةِ الْفَرَسِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ يَرْفَعُهُ: " الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ ".
Mus'ab bin Thabit (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrating that a man pledged a horse and it died while with the one holding it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the one holding the pledge: "Your right is gone."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) has spared us the need to explain the weakness of this hadith. Ata' said: Al-Hasan claimed this, and then he related this statement. Ibrahim said: Ata' used to be amazed at what al-Hasan narrated. Imam al-Shafi'i said: More than one person told it to me from Mus'ab, from Ata', from al-Hasan. And someone I trust told me that a man of knowledge narrated it from Mus'ab, from Ata', from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and left out al-Hasan. I said to him: Do the companions of Mus'ab narrate it from Ata' from al-Hasan? He said: Yes, that is how it was narrated to us; but the report of Ata' is mursal and coincides with a mursal of al-Hasan.
Imam al-Shafi'i said: What shows you the weakness of this report with Ata', if he narrated it at all, is that Ata' gives fatwa contrary to it and holds a view contrary to all of it. He says: In what perishes openly, the pledge is a trust (amanah); and in what perishes in a hidden way, the two parties return the difference to each other. This is the most established report from him, and it has also been narrated from him without qualification that the two return the difference to each other. Whatever we may doubt, there is no doubt that Ata', Allah willing, would not narrate from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) something established in his view and then hold the opposite. Moreover, I know of no one who narrates this from Ata' as marfu' except Mus'ab. And the one who narrated it from Ata' as marfu' agrees with the saying of Shurayh that the pledge is in exchange for what it was given for; yet the horse may be worth more than the debt it secured, or the same, or less, and it is not reported that he asked about the value of the horse.
The Shaykh said: This was also narrated by someone else from Ata', attributing it to the Prophet: "The pledge is in exchange for what it was given for."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) has spared us the need to explain the weakness of this hadith. Ata' said: Al-Hasan claimed this, and then he related this statement. Ibrahim said: Ata' used to be amazed at what al-Hasan narrated. Imam al-Shafi'i said: More than one person told it to me from Mus'ab, from Ata', from al-Hasan. And someone I trust told me that a man of knowledge narrated it from Mus'ab, from Ata', from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and left out al-Hasan. I said to him: Do the companions of Mus'ab narrate it from Ata' from al-Hasan? He said: Yes, that is how it was narrated to us; but the report of Ata' is mursal and coincides with a mursal of al-Hasan.
Imam al-Shafi'i said: What shows you the weakness of this report with Ata', if he narrated it at all, is that Ata' gives fatwa contrary to it and holds a view contrary to all of it. He says: In what perishes openly, the pledge is a trust (amanah); and in what perishes in a hidden way, the two parties return the difference to each other. This is the most established report from him, and it has also been narrated from him without qualification that the two return the difference to each other. Whatever we may doubt, there is no doubt that Ata', Allah willing, would not narrate from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) something established in his view and then hold the opposite. Moreover, I know of no one who narrates this from Ata' as marfu' except Mus'ab. And the one who narrated it from Ata' as marfu' agrees with the saying of Shurayh that the pledge is in exchange for what it was given for; yet the horse may be worth more than the debt it secured, or the same, or less, and it is not reported that he asked about the value of the horse.
The Shaykh said: This was also narrated by someone else from Ata', attributing it to the Prophet: "The pledge is in exchange for what it was given for."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، أنبأ الْوَلِيدُ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَهَنَ فَرَسًا، فَنَفَقَ الْفَرَسُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ " وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ دُونَ الْقِصَّةِ زَمْعَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُرْسَلًا، وَزَمْعَةُ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ وَذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَخْذَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ بِمُرْسَلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ مَرَاسِيلَهُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ مَرَاسِيلِ غَيْرِهِ؛ وَلَأَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A man pledged a horse and it died. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The pledge is in exchange for what is in it." Zam'ah bin Salih narrated this hadith with the same wording from Ibn Tawus, from his father, as mursal, but without the story, and Zam'ah is not strong. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: In this issue the mursal of Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) is accepted, because his mursal reports are stronger than the mursal reports of others, and also because this report has been narrated as connected (mawsul).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمِّي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ يَعْنِي أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: " مُرْسَلَاتُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ صِحَاحٌ، لَا نَرَى أَصَحَّ مِنْ مُرْسَلَاتِهِ، وَأَمَّا الْحَسَنُ وَعَطَاءٌ فَلَيْسَ هِيَ بِذَلِكَ، هِيَ أَضْعَفُ الْمُرْسَلَاتِ؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَأْخُذَانِ عَنْ كُلٍّ ".
Hanbal bin Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard my paternal uncle Abu Abdullah Ahmad bin Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) say: The mursal reports of Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) are of the rank of sahih. In our view no one's mursal reports are more authentic than his. As for the mursal reports of al-Hasan and Ata' (may Allah have mercy on them both), they are the weakest of all, because they used to take from everyone. And Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، قَالَا: أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحٍ الْجُنْدِيسَابُورِيُّ، ثنا مَعْمَرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَوَّامِ، ثنا مَطَرٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَرْتَهِنُ الرَّهْنَ فَيَضِيعُ قَالَ: " إِنْ كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِمَّا فِيهِ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ تَمَامَ حَقِّهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ أَمِينٌ " هَذَا لَيْسَ بِمَشْهُورٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ، وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَاتُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ.
Ubayd bin Umayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, regarding a man who takes something in pledge and it is lost while with him: If it is worth less than the debt it secured, (the pledgor) must pay him the rest of his due; and if it is worth more, he is a trustee. This is not well known from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and the reports from Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) on this differ.
كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ شَبَّانٍ الْعَطَّارُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بْنُ قَانِعٍ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ خِلَاسٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا كَانَ فِي الرَّهْنِ فَضْلٌ، فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَالرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تُصِبْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ يَرُدُّ الْفَضْلَ. " مَا رَوَى خِلَاسٌ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ صَحِيفَةٍ، قَالَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُطْلَقًا: " يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ ".
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If the pledged item is worth more (than the debt) and it is destroyed, it goes in exchange for that debt; and if it is not destroyed, the excess value will be returned. What Khilas narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) he took from a written sheet (sahifah); this was said by Yahya bin Ma'in (may Allah have mercy on him) and others. It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), without qualification, that each of the two parties returns the excess to the other.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَبَّانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بْنُ قَانِعٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، فِي الرَّهْنِ إِذَا هَلَكَ: " يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ ".
Al-Hakam narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that, regarding a pledge, if the pledged item perishes, the two parties return the excess to each other.
قَالَ: وَثنا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ فِي الرَّهْنِ: " يَتَرَادَّانِ الزِّيَادَةَ وَالنُّقْصَانَ " ⦗٧٢⦘ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَلِيًّا، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ مَوْصُولًا.
Al-Hakam (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "The two parties will settle the excess and the shortfall with each other." This is munqati' (broken), because al-Hakam bin Utaybah (may Allah have mercy on him) did not meet Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). This report also comes as connected (mawsul), but its chain is weak.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا مَعْمَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: " إِذَا كَانَ الرَّهْنُ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الْقَرْضِ، أَوْ كَانَ الْقَرْضُ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الرَّهْنِ، ثُمَّ هَلَكَ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ ".
Al-Harith said that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the pledge is worth more than the loan, or the loan is more than the pledge, and then the pledged item perishes, the two parties return the excess to each other.
وَعَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: كَانَ يُقَالُ: يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا. الْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ وَالْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ وَمَعْمَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِمْ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ ثَالِثٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ.
Ata' said: It used to be said: The two parties return the excess to each other.
Al-Harith al-A'war, al-Hajjaj bin Artah and Ma'mar bin Sulayman are not used as proof. It has also been narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) through a third chain.
Al-Harith al-A'war, al-Hajjaj bin Artah and Ma'mar bin Sulayman are not used as proof. It has also been narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) through a third chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَبَّانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بْنُ قَانِعٍ، ثنا حَامِدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثنا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: " إِذَا كَانَ الرَّهْنُ أَقَلَّ رَدَّ الْفَضْلَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ بِمَا فِيهِ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِأَنْ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ أَصَحُّ عَنْهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، وَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَصْحَابَكُمْ يُضَعِّفُونَ رِوَايَةَ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الَّتِي لَا يُعَارِضُهَا مُعَارِضٌ تَضْعِيفًا شَدِيدًا، فَكَيْفَ بِمَا عَارَضَهُ فِيهِ مَنْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ وَأَوْلَى بِهَا مِنْهُ، وَهَذَا الْكَلَامُ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ.
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the pledge is worth less than the loan, the remainder must be paid upon its loss; and if the pledge is worth more, it goes in exchange for the loan. Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The narration of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) stating that the two parties return the excess to each other is more authentic from him than the narration of Abd al-A'la. We have seen your companions declare this report of Abd al-A'la severely weak even when no contrary report opposes it; so how much more so when it is opposed by a report that is closer to authenticity and more deserving of it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ابْنُ ابْنَةِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ، ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الرَّخِّيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: ⦗٧٣⦘ سَأَلْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيِّ، فَقَالَ: " تَعْرِفُ وَتُنْكِرُ " فَقَالَ يَحْيَى: " قُلْتُ لِسُفْيَانَ يَعْنِي الثَّوْرِيَّ فِي أَحَادِيثِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، فَوَهَّنَهَا ".
Imam Ali bin al-Madini (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qattan (may Allah have mercy on him) about Abd al-A'la al-Tha'labi. He said: Some of his reports you will recognize and some you will reject. Yahya bin Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I asked Sufyan al-Thawri (may Allah have mercy on him) about Abd al-A'la's narrations from Muhammad bin al-Hanafiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him), and he declared them weak.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، ثنا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي حَصِينٍ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ: " ذَهَبَتِ الرُّهُونُ بِمَا فِيهَا ".
Qadi Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: When something is pledged for a debt and the pledged item then perishes, it goes in exchange for that debt.
