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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الرهن
Book of Pledges
باب: من قال: الرهن مضمون
Chapter: Those who said: A pledge is liable to compensation
Bayhaqi 11225 — Those who said: A pledge is liable to compensation
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، ثنا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَطَاءً يُحَدِّثُ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَهَنَ فَرَسًا، فَنَفَقَ فِي يَدِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ: " ذَهَبَ حَقُّهُ " وَقَدْ كَفَانَا الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ بَيَانَ وَهَنِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ، أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: زَعَمَ الْحَسَنُ كَذَا، ثُمَّ حَكَى هَذَا الْقَوْلَ، قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: كَانَ عَطَاءٌ يَتَعَجَّبُ مِمَّا رَوَى الْحَسَنُ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَأَخْبَرَنِيهِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ رَوَاهُ عَنْ مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَسَكَتَ عَنِ ⦗٦٩⦘ الْحَسَنِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَصْحَابُ مُصْعَبٍ يَرْوُونَهُ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، كَذَلِكَ حُدِّثْنَا، وَلَكِنْ عَطَاءٌ مُرْسَلٌ اتَّفَقَ مِنَ الْحَسَنِ مُرْسَلٌ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى وَهَنِ هَذَا عِنْدَ عَطَاءٍ، إِنْ كَانَ رَوَاهُ، أَنَّ عَطَاءً يُفْتِي بِخِلَافِهِ، وَيَقُولُ فِيهِ بِخِلَافِ هَذَا كُلِّهِ، يَقُولُ: فِيمَا ظَهَرَ هَلَاكُهُ أَمَانَةٌ، وَفِيمَا خَفِي هَلَاكُهُ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ، وَهَذَا أَثْبَتُ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُ يَتَرَادَّانِ مُطْلَقَةً، وَمَا شَكَكْنَا فِيهِ، فَلَا يُشَكُّ أَنَّ عَطَاءً إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ لَا يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُثْبَتًا عِنْدَهُ وَيَقُولُ بِخِلَافِهِ، مَعَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَعْلَمْ أَحَدًا يَرْوِي هَذَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَّا مُصْعَبًا، وَالَّذِي رَوَى عَنْ عَطَاءٍ رَفَعَهُ مُوَافِقٌ قَوْلَ شُرَيْحٍ أَنَّ الرَّهْنَ بِمَا فِيهِ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْفَرَسُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَمِثْلَهُ وَأَقَلَّ، فَلَمْ يَرْوِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ قِيمَةِ الْفَرَسِ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ يَرْفَعُهُ: " الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ ".
Mus'ab bin Thabit (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Ata' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrating that a man pledged a horse and it died while with the one holding it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the one holding the pledge: "Your right is gone."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) has spared us the need to explain the weakness of this hadith. Ata' said: Al-Hasan claimed this, and then he related this statement. Ibrahim said: Ata' used to be amazed at what al-Hasan narrated. Imam al-Shafi'i said: More than one person told it to me from Mus'ab, from Ata', from al-Hasan. And someone I trust told me that a man of knowledge narrated it from Mus'ab, from Ata', from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and left out al-Hasan. I said to him: Do the companions of Mus'ab narrate it from Ata' from al-Hasan? He said: Yes, that is how it was narrated to us; but the report of Ata' is mursal and coincides with a mursal of al-Hasan.
Imam al-Shafi'i said: What shows you the weakness of this report with Ata', if he narrated it at all, is that Ata' gives fatwa contrary to it and holds a view contrary to all of it. He says: In what perishes openly, the pledge is a trust (amanah); and in what perishes in a hidden way, the two parties return the difference to each other. This is the most established report from him, and it has also been narrated from him without qualification that the two return the difference to each other. Whatever we may doubt, there is no doubt that Ata', Allah willing, would not narrate from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) something established in his view and then hold the opposite. Moreover, I know of no one who narrates this from Ata' as marfu' except Mus'ab. And the one who narrated it from Ata' as marfu' agrees with the saying of Shurayh that the pledge is in exchange for what it was given for; yet the horse may be worth more than the debt it secured, or the same, or less, and it is not reported that he asked about the value of the horse.
The Shaykh said: This was also narrated by someone else from Ata', attributing it to the Prophet: "The pledge is in exchange for what it was given for."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) has spared us the need to explain the weakness of this hadith. Ata' said: Al-Hasan claimed this, and then he related this statement. Ibrahim said: Ata' used to be amazed at what al-Hasan narrated. Imam al-Shafi'i said: More than one person told it to me from Mus'ab, from Ata', from al-Hasan. And someone I trust told me that a man of knowledge narrated it from Mus'ab, from Ata', from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and left out al-Hasan. I said to him: Do the companions of Mus'ab narrate it from Ata' from al-Hasan? He said: Yes, that is how it was narrated to us; but the report of Ata' is mursal and coincides with a mursal of al-Hasan.
Imam al-Shafi'i said: What shows you the weakness of this report with Ata', if he narrated it at all, is that Ata' gives fatwa contrary to it and holds a view contrary to all of it. He says: In what perishes openly, the pledge is a trust (amanah); and in what perishes in a hidden way, the two parties return the difference to each other. This is the most established report from him, and it has also been narrated from him without qualification that the two return the difference to each other. Whatever we may doubt, there is no doubt that Ata', Allah willing, would not narrate from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) something established in his view and then hold the opposite. Moreover, I know of no one who narrates this from Ata' as marfu' except Mus'ab. And the one who narrated it from Ata' as marfu' agrees with the saying of Shurayh that the pledge is in exchange for what it was given for; yet the horse may be worth more than the debt it secured, or the same, or less, and it is not reported that he asked about the value of the horse.
The Shaykh said: This was also narrated by someone else from Ata', attributing it to the Prophet: "The pledge is in exchange for what it was given for."
