السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الحج
Book of Hajj
باب: المرأة يلزمها الحج بوجود السبيل إليه وكانت مع ثقة من النساء في طريق مأهولة آمنة
Hajj becomes binding on a woman when she has the means, and she is with trustworthy women on a populated, safe route
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قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا} [آل عمران: 97] وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَنَّ السَّبِيلَ الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ ".
The saying of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: "And Hajj to the House is a duty owed to Allah by people, for whoever is able to find a way to it." [Surah Al Imran: 97]
And it has been narrated to us from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that: "The 'way' (ability) means provisions and a mount."
And it has been narrated to us from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that: "The 'way' (ability) means provisions and a mount."
وَذَلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو صَادِقٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ سَمِعَهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: {مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا} [آل عمران: ٩٧] قَالَ: " الزَّادُ وَالرَّاحِلَةُ " وَرُوِّينَا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ صَحِيحَةٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُرْسَلًا وَفِيهِ قُوَّةٌ لِهَذَا الْمُسْنَدِ.
Muhammad bin Abbad al-Makhzumi narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (say about): "Whoever is able to find a way to it" [Surah Al Imran: 97], he said: "Provisions and a mount."
We have narrated it through authentic routes from al-Hasan al-Basri from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal, and that gives strength to this musnad report.
We have narrated it through authentic routes from al-Hasan al-Basri from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as mursal, and that gives strength to this musnad report.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، أنا الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، ثنا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو مُجَاهِدٍ الطَّائِيُّ، ثنا مُحِلُّ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا يَشْكُو الْعَيْلَةَ، وَالْآخَرُ يَشْكُو قَطْعَ السَّبِيلِ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ: " لَا يَأْتِي عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الْحِيرَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ بِغَيْرِ خَفِيرٍ، وَلَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ أَحَدُكُمْ بِصَدَقَتِهِ فَلَا يَجِدُ مَنْ يَقْبَلُهَا، ثُمَّ لَيَفِيضُ الْمَالُ، ثُمَّ لَيَقِفَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللهِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ حِجَابٌ يَحْجُبُهُ وَلَا تُرْجُمَانٌ فَيُتَرْجِمُ لَهُ فَيَقُولُ: أَلَمْ أُوتِكَ مَالًا؟ فَيَقُولُ: بَلَى، فَيَقُولُ: أَلَمْ أُرْسِلْ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولًا: فَيَقُولُ: بَلَى فَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا النَّارَ، وَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا النَّارَ، فَلْيَتَّقِ أَحَدُكُمُ النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْهَا فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيْبَةٍ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ.
Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when two men came to him; one was complaining of poverty and need, and the other of the roads being cut off (that is, of being harassed by robbers). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Only a little time will pass before a woman travels from al-Hirah to Makkah without any escort. And the Hour will not be established until one of you goes about with his charity but finds no one to accept it. Then wealth will become abundant. Then one of you will stand before Allah, with no veil between Allah and His servant and no interpreter. Allah will ask: Did I not give you wealth? He will say: Yes indeed. Allah will ask: Did I not send a Messenger to you? The servant will say: Yes indeed. The servant will look to his right and see nothing but the Fire, and look to his left and see nothing but the Fire. So let each of you protect himself from the Fire, even if it is with a piece of a date; and if he does not find even that, then with a good word."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَدِيبُ أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْقَاسِمُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ: ثنا النَّضْرُ، أنا إِسْرَائِيلُ، أنا سَعْدٌ الطَّائِيُّ، ثنا مُحِلُّ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ الْفَاقَةَ، وَأَتَاهُ آخَرُ فَشَكَا قَطْعَ السَّبِيلِ، قَالَ: " يَا عَدِيُّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ الْحِيرَةَ؟ " قُلْتُ: لَمْ أَرَهَا وَقَدْ أُنْبِئْتُ عَنْهَا، قَالَ: " فَإِنْ طَالَتْ بِكَ حَيَاةٌ لَتَرَيَنَّ الظَّعِينَةَ تَرْتَحِلُ مِنَ الْحِيرَةِ حَتَّى تَطُوفَ بِالْكَعْبَةِ لَا تَخَافُ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللهَ " قُلْتُ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ نَفْسِي: فَأَيْنَ دُعَّارُ طَيِّئٍ الَّذِينَ قَدْ سَعَّرُوا الْبِلَادَ " وَلَئِنْ طَالَتْ بِكَ حَيَاةٌ لَتُفْتَحَنَّ كُنُوزُ كِسْرَى " قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كِسْرَى بْنُ هُرْمُزَ قَالَ: " كِسْرَى بْنُ هُرْمُزَ، وَلَئِنْ طَالَتْ بِكَ حَيَاةٌ لَتَرَيَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُخْرِجُ مِلْءَ كَفَّيْهِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ يَطْلُبُ مَنْ يَقْبَلُهُ مِنْهُ فَلَا يَجِدُ أَحَدًا يَقْبَلُهُ مِنْهُ، وَلَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللهَ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ تُرْجُمَانٌ يُتَرْجِمُ لَهُ، فَيَقُولُ: أَلَمْ أَبْعَثْ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولًا يُبَلِّغُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: بَلَى، فَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا جَهَنَّمَ، وَيَنْظُرُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَلَا يَرَى إِلَّا جَهَنَّمَ " قَالَ عَدِيٌّ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، يَقُولُ: " اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ شِقَّ تَمْرَةٍ فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيْبَةٍ " قَالَ عَدِيٌّ: قَدْ رَأَيْتُ الظَّعِينَةَ تَرْتَحِلُ مِنَ ⦗٣٧٠⦘ الْكُوفَةِ حَتَّى تَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ لَا تَخَافُ إِلَّا اللهَ، وَكُنْتُ فِيمَنِ افْتَتَحَ كُنُوزَ كِسْرَى بْنِ هُرْمُزَ وَلَئِنْ طَالَتْ بِكُمْ حَيَاةٌ سَتَرَوْنَ مَا قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ مِلْءَ كَفِّهِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَلَا يَجِدُ مَنْ يَقْبَلُهُ مِنْهُ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلٍ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ سَافَرَ بِمَوْلَاةٍ لَهُ لَيْسَ هُوَ لَهَا بِمَحْرَمٍ وَلَا مَعَهَا مَحْرَمٌ.
Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We were with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). A man came and complained of want, and another complained of the roads being cut off. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Adi bin Hatim, have you seen al-Hirah?" I said: I have not seen it, but I have been told about it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If your life is prolonged, you will surely see a woman travelling from al-Hirah until she performs tawaf of the Ka'bah, fearing no one but Allah." I said to myself: Then where will the robbers of Tayyi' be, who have set the lands ablaze? (He said:) "And if your life is prolonged, the treasures of Kisra will surely be conquered." I said: O Messenger of Allah, Kisra bin Hurmuz? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Kisra bin Hurmuz. And if your life is prolonged, you will surely see a man bring out a handful of gold or silver, seeking someone to accept it from him, but he will find no one to accept it. And on the day one of you meets Allah, there will be no interpreter between him and Allah to interpret for him. Then Allah Almighty will say: Did I not send a Messenger to you who conveyed (My message) to you? The servant will say: Yes indeed. He will look to his right and see nothing but Hell, and look to his left and see nothing but Hell."
Adi said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Protect yourselves from the Fire, even if it is with a piece of a date; and if one does not find a piece of a date, then with a good word." Adi said: I have seen a woman travel from Kufah until she performed tawaf of the House, fearing no one but Allah; and I was among those who conquered the treasures of Kisra bin Hurmuz. And if your lives are prolonged, you will see what Abu al-Qasim (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A man will bring out a handful of gold or silver, and will find no one to accept it from him."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old opinion: It has reached us that Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) travelled with a freed slave-woman of his, while he was not her mahram and no mahram was with her.
Adi said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Protect yourselves from the Fire, even if it is with a piece of a date; and if one does not find a piece of a date, then with a good word." Adi said: I have seen a woman travel from Kufah until she performed tawaf of the House, fearing no one but Allah; and I was among those who conquered the treasures of Kisra bin Hurmuz. And if your lives are prolonged, you will see what Abu al-Qasim (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A man will bring out a handful of gold or silver, and will find no one to accept it from him."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old opinion: It has reached us that Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) travelled with a freed slave-woman of his, while he was not her mahram and no mahram was with her.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ثنا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، " أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَانَ يُرْدِفُ مَوْلَاةً لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا: صَفِيَّةُ تُسَافِرُ مَعَهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ " وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عُقْبَةَ " أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ حَجَّ بِمَوْلَاةٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا صَافِيَةُ عَلَى عَجُزِ بَعِيرٍ " قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعُرْوَةَ مِثْلُ قَوْلِنَا فِي أَنْ تُسَافِرَ الْمَرْأَةُ لِلْحَجِّ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهَا مَحْرَمٌ، وَذَكَرَهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَفِي الْقَدِيمِ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ.
Nafi' narrates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to have a freed slave-woman of his, called Safiyyah, ride behind him, and she would travel with him to Makkah.
(b) In the narration of Uqbah: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) performed Hajj with a freed slave-woman of his, called Safiyah, (riding) on the rear of a camel.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his new opinion: It has reached us from Aishah, Ibn Umar and Urwah the like of our view that a woman may travel for Hajj even if no mahram is with her. He also mentioned it from Ata, and, in his old opinion, from Malik bin Anas.
(b) In the narration of Uqbah: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) performed Hajj with a freed slave-woman of his, called Safiyah, (riding) on the rear of a camel.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his new opinion: It has reached us from Aishah, Ibn Umar and Urwah the like of our view that a woman may travel for Hajj even if no mahram is with her. He also mentioned it from Ata, and, in his old opinion, from Malik bin Anas.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ الدُّورِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُخْبِرَتْ أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ يُفْتِي أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تُسَافِرُ إِلَّا مَعَ مَحْرَمٍ فَقَالَتْ: " مَا كُلُّهُنَّ مِنْ ذَوَاتِ مَحْرَمٍ ".
Amrah narrates that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was told that Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) gives the fatwa that a woman should not travel except with a mahram. She said: "Not all of them have a mahram."
