السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الحج
Book of Hajj
باب: : لا قضاء على المحصر إلا أن لا يكون حج حجة الإسلام فيحجها
The one who is prevented need not make it up unless he has not performed the obligatory Hajj, in which case he performs it
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: مِنْ قِبَلِ قَوْلِ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ} [البقرة: 196] لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَضَاءً، قَالَ: وَالَّذِي أَعْقِلُ فِي أَخْبَارِ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي شَبِيهٌ بِمَا ذَكَرْتُ مِنْ ظَاهِرِ الْآيَةِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّا قَدْ عَلِمْنَا فِي مُتَوَاطِئِ أَحَادِيثِهِمْ أَنْ قَدْ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ رِجَالٌ مَعْرُوفُونَ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ، ثُمَّ اعْتَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عُمْرَةَ الْقَضِيَّةِ، وَتَخَلَّفَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ وَلَوْ لَزِمَهُمُ الْقَضَاءُ لَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ شَاءَ اللهُ بِأَنْ لَا يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنْهُ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ: وَقَالَ رَوْحٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " إِنَّمَا الْبَدَلُ عَلَى مَنْ نَقَضَ حَجَّهُ بِالتَّلَذُّذِ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ حَبَسَهُ عُذْرٌ وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ يَحِلُّ وَلَا يَرْجِعُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ وَهُوَ مُحْصَرٌ نَحَرَهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ بِهِ، وَإنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ بِهِ لَمْ يَحِلَّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ ".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "(This is) because of the saying of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted: 'But if you are prevented (on the way), then (offer) whatever sacrificial animal is easily available.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 196] (In it Allah Almighty) did not mention making up (qada')."
He said: "And what I understand from the reports of the scholars of the Maghazi (the experts in the Prophetic biography and campaigns) is similar to what I mentioned from the apparent meaning of the verse. That is, we know from their mutually corroborating narrations that in the year of al-Hudaybiyah there were men with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) who are known by their names; then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the Umrat al-Qadiyyah, and some of them stayed behind in Madinah without any necessity. Had making up been binding on them, then, if Allah wills, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would have ordered them not to stay behind from him (peace and blessings be upon him)."
Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his book: Rawh narrated from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid, from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "The substitute (making up) is only upon the one who has broken his Hajj through enjoyment (intercourse). As for the one who is held back by an excuse or something else, he exits ihram and does not return (to make it up). And if he has a sacrificial animal with him and he is prevented, then if he is unable to send it (to the Haram) he should slaughter it (where he is), and if he is able to send it, he does not exit ihram until the sacrificial animal reaches its place."
He said: "And what I understand from the reports of the scholars of the Maghazi (the experts in the Prophetic biography and campaigns) is similar to what I mentioned from the apparent meaning of the verse. That is, we know from their mutually corroborating narrations that in the year of al-Hudaybiyah there were men with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) who are known by their names; then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the Umrat al-Qadiyyah, and some of them stayed behind in Madinah without any necessity. Had making up been binding on them, then, if Allah wills, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would have ordered them not to stay behind from him (peace and blessings be upon him)."
Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his book: Rawh narrated from Ibn Abi Najih, from Mujahid, from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "The substitute (making up) is only upon the one who has broken his Hajj through enjoyment (intercourse). As for the one who is held back by an excuse or something else, he exits ihram and does not return (to make it up). And if he has a sacrificial animal with him and he is prevented, then if he is unable to send it (to the Haram) he should slaughter it (where he is), and if he is able to send it, he does not exit ihram until the sacrificial animal reaches its place."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَلَّ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَنَحَرُوا الْهَدْيَ وَحَلَقُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ وَحَلُّوا مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطُوفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَيْهِ الْهَدْيُ، ثُمَّ لَمْ نَعْلَمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَلَا مِمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ أَنْ يَقْضُوا شَيْئًا، وَلَا أَنْ يَعُودُوا لِشَيْءٍ ".
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said that it reached him that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his (peace and blessings be upon him) Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) exited ihram at al-Hudaybiyah: they slaughtered their sacrifices and shaved their heads, and exited ihram from everything before performing tawaf of the House and before the sacrificial animals reached it. Then we do not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered any of his Companions, or anyone who was with him, to make up anything or to repeat anything.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا الْوَاقِدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: " لَمْ تَكُنْ هَذِهِ الْعُمْرَةُ قَضَاءً، وَلَكِنْ كَانَ شَرْطًا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرُوا قَابِلَ فِي الشَّهْرِ الَّذِي صَدَّهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فِيهِ ".
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This was not an Umrah of making up (qada'); rather, it was a condition upon the Muslims that they would perform Umrah the following year, in the month in which the polytheists had prevented them.
