السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الحج
Book of Hajj
باب: فدية النعام وبقر الوحش وحمار الوحش
The compensation for the ostrich, the wild cow and the wild ass
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: " إِنْ قَتَلَ نَعَامَةً فَعَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ".
Ali bin Abi Talhah narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that whoever kills an ostrich owes the sacrifice of a camel.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٢٩٧⦘ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا، ثنا عَبَّادُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَبُو مَالِكٍ الْجَنْبِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ " فِي الْحَمَامَةِ شَاةٌ، وَفِي بَيْضَتَيْنِ دِرْهَمٌ وَفِي النَّعَامَةِ جَزُورٌ، وَفِي الْبَقَرَةِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي الْحِمَارِ بَقَرَةٌ ".
Ata narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that for hunting a pigeon within the Haram a goat is the ransom, for two eggs one dirham, for an ostrich a camel, and for a wild ass and a (wild) cow, a cow is to be given as ransom.
وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " فِي بَقَرَةِ الْوَحْشِ بَقَرَةٌ وَفِي الْإِبِلِ بَقَرَةٌ " وَهُوَ فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ.
Al-Dahhak bin Muzahim narrates from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that for a wild cow there is a cow, and for a camel there is a cow.
وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أنبأ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَزَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ، وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ، قَالُوا: " فِي النَّعَامَةِ يَقْتُلُهَا الْمُحْرِمُ بَدَنَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ "، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: هَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْأَكْثَرِ مِمَّنْ لَقِيتُ فَبِقَوْلِهِمْ: إِنَّ فِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةً وَبِالْقِيَاسِ قُلْنَا: فِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ لَا بِهَذَا، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَجْهُ ضَعْفِهِ كَوْنُهُ مُرْسَلًا، فَإِنَّ عَطَاءً الْخُرَاسَانِيَّ وُلِدَ سَنَةَ خَمْسِينَ وَلَمْ يُدْرِكْ عُمَرَ، وَلَا عُثْمَانَ وَلَا عَلِيًّا، وَلَا زَيْدًا وَكَانَ فِي زَمَنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ صَبِيًّا وَلَمْ يَثْبُتْ لَهُ سَمَاعٌ مِنَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَإنْ كَانَ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَسِتِّينَ إِلَّا أَنَّ عَطَاءً الْخُرَاسَانِيَّ مَعَ انْقِطَاعِ حَدِيثِهِ عَمَّنْ سَمَّيْنَا مِمَّنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Ata al-Khurasani says that Sayyiduna Umar, Uthman, Ali bin Abi Talib, Zayd bin Thabit, Ibn Abbas and Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with them) all held that for an ostrich killed by a muhrim, the sacrifice of a camel is due.
Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is not established according to the scholars of hadith. However, it is the view of most of those I have met, so on the basis of their view and of analogy we say that for an ostrich a camel is due, not on the basis of this (report).
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: The reason for its weakness is that it is mursal, for Ata al-Khurasani was born in the year 50 and did not meet Umar, Uthman, Ali or Zayd, and he was a child in the time of Mu'awiyah. His hearing from Ibn Abbas is not established, although it is possible that he heard from him, since Ibn Abbas died in the year 68. Moreover, besides the break in his narration from those we have named, Ata al-Khurasani is among those whom the scholars of hadith have criticised. And Allah knows best.
Al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is not established according to the scholars of hadith. However, it is the view of most of those I have met, so on the basis of their view and of analogy we say that for an ostrich a camel is due, not on the basis of this (report).
The Shaykh (al-Bayhaqi) said: The reason for its weakness is that it is mursal, for Ata al-Khurasani was born in the year 50 and did not meet Umar, Uthman, Ali or Zayd, and he was a child in the time of Mu'awiyah. His hearing from Ibn Abbas is not established, although it is possible that he heard from him, since Ibn Abbas died in the year 68. Moreover, besides the break in his narration from those we have named, Ata al-Khurasani is among those whom the scholars of hadith have criticised. And Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ الْبُرْجِلَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمَلِيحِ الْهُذَلِيِّ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يُصِيبُ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ، أَوْ نَعَامَةً أَوْ بِيضَ نَعَامَةٍ، وَعَنِ الْجَرَادَةِ يُصِيبُهَا الْمُحْرِمُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: " أَمَّا الْمُحْرِمُ يُصِيبُ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ فَفِيهِ بَدَنَةٌ، وَفِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ، وَفِي بِيضِ النَّعَامَةِ صِيَامُ يَوْمٍ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ، وَأَمَّا الْجَرَادَةُ فَإِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ حِمْصٍ أَصَابَ جَرَادَةً وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَأَتَى عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَا أَعْطَيْتَ عَنْهَا؟، قَالَ: أَعْطَيْتُ عَنْهَا دِرْهَمًا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ مَعْشَرَ أَهْلِ حِمْصٍ كَثِيرَةٌ دَرَاهِمُكُمْ وَلتَّمْرَةٌ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ جَرَادَةٍ " كَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ فِيهَا يَعْنِي فِي النَّعَامَةِ: " بَدَنَةٌ ".
Abu al-Malih al-Hudhali (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote to Abu Ubaydah bin Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with them both) about a muhrim who harms a wild ass, an ostrich or an ostrich egg, and about a locust that a muhrim kills. He wrote back in reply: If a muhrim kills a wild ass, then the sacrifice of a camel is due for it; for an ostrich, the sacrifice of a camel; and for an ostrich egg, one day's fast or feeding a needy person. As for the locust, a man from the people of Hims killed a locust while he was in the state of ihram. He asked Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: What have you paid as compensation for it? He said: I have paid only one dirham. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O people of Hims! You have a great many dirhams; a date is dearer to me than a locust.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خِنْبٍ، أنبأ أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، ثنا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ⦗٢٩٨⦘ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، قَالَ: " فِي النَّعَامَةِ بَدَنَةٌ، وَفِي الْبَقَرَةِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي الْأُرْوِيَّةِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي الظَّبْيِ شَاةٌ، وَفِي حَمَامِ مَكَّةَ شَاةٌ، وَفِي الْأَرْنَبِ شَاةٌ، وَفِي الْجَرَادَةِ قَبْضَةٌ مِنْ طَعَامٍ ".
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him): For an ostrich, the sacrifice of a camel; for a wild cow, a cow; for a mountain goat, a cow; for a gazelle, a goat; for the pigeons of Makkah, a goat; for a hare, a goat; and for a locust, a handful of food.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " فِي بَقَرَةِ الْوَحْشِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي الشَّاةِ مِنَ الظِّبَاءِ شَاةٌ "، قَالَ مَالِكٌ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " وَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَسْمَعُ أَنَّ فِي النَّعَامَةِ إِذَا قَتَلَهَا الْمُحْرِمُ بَدَنَةً ".
Hisham bin Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (may Allah have mercy on him): For a wild cow, a cow; and for a wild goat and a gazelle, a goat. Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I have always heard that when a muhrim kills an ostrich, the sacrifice of a camel is due for it.
