السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الحج
Book of Hajj
باب: قتل المحرم الصيد عمدا أو خطأ
The muhrim killing game deliberately or by mistake
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قُرَيْرٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَجْرَيْتُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي فَرَسَيْنِ لَنَا نَسْتَبِقُ إِلَى ثُغْرَةِ ثَنِيَّةٍ فَأَصَبْنَا ظَبْيًا وَنَحْنُ مُحْرِمَانِ فَمَاذَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لِرَجُلٍ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ: " تَعَالَ حَتَّى أَحْكُمَ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ "، قَالَ: فَحَكَمَا عَلَيْهِ بِعَنْزٍ وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الْحَدِيثِ، قَالَ: وَهُوَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Abd al-Malik bin Qurayr al-Basri narrates from Muhammad bin Sirin (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man came to Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: "My companion and I raced our horses towards the gap of a mountain pass, and we struck a gazelle while we were both in ihram. What is your view about this?" Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to a man who was beside him: "Come, let the two of us judge together." So the two of them ruled that he owed a she-goat, and he mentioned the rest of the hadith. He said: That man was Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ مُحْرِمًا أَلْقَى جَوَالِقَ فَأَصَابَ يَرْبُوعًا فَقَتَلَهُ فَقَضَى فِيهِ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بِجَفْرٍ أَوْ جَفْرَةٍ.
Abu Ubaydah bin Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a man in ihram threw down a sack, and it struck a jerboa and killed it, so Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled that he owed a young goat for it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سَعِيدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ: قَوْلُ اللهِ تَعَالَى {لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا} [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ " فَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ خَطَأً أَيُغَرَّمُ؟، قَالَ: " نَعَمْ، يُعَظَّمُ بِذَلِكَ حُرُمَاتُ اللهِ وَمَضَتْ بِهِ السُّنَنُ ".
Ibn Jurayj (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I said to Ata (may Allah have mercy on him): Allah Almighty says: "Do not kill game while you are in the state of ihram; and whoever of you kills it deliberately" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 95]. He said: I said: Whoever kills it by mistake, will a penalty be imposed on him? He said: Yes; by it the sacred limits of Allah are honoured, and the Sunnahs and practice have long been established on it.
قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، أنبأ مُسْلِمٌ، وَسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: " رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يُغَرِّمُونَ فِي الْخَطَأِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " يُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْخَطَأِ وَالْعَمْدِ "، وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: " يُحْكَمُ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ فِي الْخَطَأِ "، وَعَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ كَانَ يَحْكُمُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْخَطَأِ وَالْعَمْدِ، وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي قَوْلِهِ {عَفَا اللهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ} [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: " عَمَّا كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ "، {وَمَنْ عَادَ فَيَنْتَقِمُ اللهُ مِنْهُ} [المائدة: ٩٥] قَالَ: " وَمَنْ عَادَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَيَنْتَقِمُ اللهُ مِنْهُ وَعَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْكَفَّارَةُ "، وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ " يُحْكَمُ عَلَيْهِ كُلَّمَا أَصَابَ ".
Ibn Jurayj narrates from Amr bin Dinar (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: I saw people paying compensation even for a mistake.
(b) Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Judgement is passed against the muhrim both for a mistake and for a deliberate act.
(c) Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Judgement is passed against the muhrim even in the case of a mistake.
(d) Al-Hakam bin Utaybah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to pass judgement against the muhrim both for a mistake and for a deliberate act.
(e) Ata bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him), concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Allah has pardoned what is past (in the Jahiliyyah)" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 95] and "And whoever returns, Allah will take retribution from him" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 95], says: Whoever returns (to it) in Islam, Allah will take retribution from him, and expiation is due from him for it.
(f) Al-Hasan, Sa'id bin Jubayr and Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on them) say: Judgement is passed against him every time he kills (game).
(b) Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Judgement is passed against the muhrim both for a mistake and for a deliberate act.
(c) Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Judgement is passed against the muhrim even in the case of a mistake.
(d) Al-Hakam bin Utaybah (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to pass judgement against the muhrim both for a mistake and for a deliberate act.
(e) Ata bin Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him), concerning the saying of Allah Almighty: "Allah has pardoned what is past (in the Jahiliyyah)" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 95] and "And whoever returns, Allah will take retribution from him" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 95], says: Whoever returns (to it) in Islam, Allah will take retribution from him, and expiation is due from him for it.
(f) Al-Hasan, Sa'id bin Jubayr and Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on them) say: Judgement is passed against him every time he kills (game).
