السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: ما روي في إتمام الفريضة من التطوع في الآخرة
What is reported on completing the obligatory prayers with voluntary ones in the Hereafter
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It is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Whoever does not complete the obligatory prayers, that shortfall will be made up from the voluntary (prayers)."
أنبأ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ (ح) وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْعَدْلُ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، ثنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ الضَّبِّيِّ، أَنَّهُ خَافَ مِنْ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: مِنْ زِيَادٍ أَوِ ابْنِ زِيَادٍ، فَأَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَقِيَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: فَنَسَبَنِي فَانْتَسَبْتُ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا فَتَى أَلَّا أُحَدِّثُكَ حَدِيثًا قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ قَالَ يُونُسُ وَأَحْسَبُهُ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا يُحَاسَبُ النَّاسُ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ أَعْمَالِهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ قَالَ: يَقُولُ رَبُّنَا عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ: انْظُرُوا فِي صَلَاةِ عَبْدِي أَتَمَّهَا أَمْ نَقَصَهَا؟، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ تَامَّةً كُتِبَتْ لَهُ تَامَّةً، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ انْتَقَصَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا قَالَ: انْظُرُوا هَلْ لِعَبْدِي مِنْ تَطَوُّعٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ تَطَوُّعٌ قَالَ: أَتِمُّوا لِعَبْدِي فَرِيضَتَهُ مِنْ تَطَوُّعِهِ، ثُمَّ تُأْخَذُ الْأَعْمَالُ عَلَى ذَلِكُمْ ".
Anas bin Hakim al-Dabbi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: Fearing Ziyad or Ibn Ziyad, I came to Madinah and met Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: Tell me your lineage. I told him my lineage, and he said: O young man, shall I not narrate a hadith to you? I said: May Allah have mercy on you. (Yunus (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I think he narrated it from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).) He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "On the Day of Resurrection, the first of their deeds that people will be questioned about is the prayer. Our Lord, the Mighty and Majestic, will say to the angels, although He knows everything: Look into the prayer of this servant of Mine: did he offer it properly and completely, or did he fall short in it? If it is complete, it will be recorded as complete. If there is some deficiency in it, Allah Almighty will say: See whether My servant has any voluntary prayers. If he has voluntary prayers, Allah Almighty will say: Complete the obligatory prayers of this servant of Mine from his voluntary ones. Then all deeds will be reckoned according to this same principle."
وَأنبأ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنْ بَنِي سَلِيطٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوَهُ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ الْحَسَنُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَمَا ذَكَرْنَا أَصَحَّهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْمُرَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَرْفُوعًا.
(a) The same hadith is narrated through another chain: Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates something similar from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
(b) In this hadith there has been disagreement over al-Hasan through many chains, and the chain we have mentioned is, if Allah wills, the most authentic of them.
(b) In this hadith there has been disagreement over al-Hasan through many chains, and the chain we have mentioned is, if Allah wills, the most authentic of them.
وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَرْبِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، قَالَا: ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ ⦗٥٤١⦘ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوَفَى، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا يُحَاسَبُ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ صَلَاتُهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْمَلَهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ كَامِلَةً وَإِنْ لَمْ يُكْمِلْهَا قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ: هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لِعَبْدِي تَطَوُّعًا تُكْمِلُوا بِهِ مَا ضَيَّعَ مِنْ فَرِيضَتِهِ، ثُمَّ الزَّكَاةُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ سَائِرُ الْأَعْمَالِ عَلَى حَسَبِ ذَلِكَ " رَفَعَهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ وَوَقَفَهُ غَيْرُهُ.
Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "On the Day of Resurrection, the first thing a servant will be questioned about is the prayer. If his prayer turns out to be complete, it will be recorded as complete; and if his prayer is not complete, Allah Almighty will say to His angels: See whether this servant of Mine has any voluntary prayers. If he has, then make up the shortfall in the obligatory prayers with those voluntary ones. Then zakah will be reckoned in the same way, and then all deeds will be reckoned according to this same principle."
Hammad bin Salamah narrated it as marfu' (from the Prophet), while others narrated it as mawquf (as the words of the Companion).
Hammad bin Salamah narrated it as marfu' (from the Prophet), while others narrated it as mawquf (as the words of the Companion).
أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أنبأ دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ قَالَ: " إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا يُحَاسَبُ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ الصَّلَاةُ الْمَكْتُوبَةُ فَمَنْ أَتَمَّهَا حُوسِبَ بِمَا سِوَاهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدِ انْتَقَصَهَا قِيلَ: انْظُرُوا هَلْ لَهُ مِنْ تَطَوُّعٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ تَطَوُّعٌ أُكْمِلَتِ الْفَرِيضَةُ مِنَ التَّطَوُّعِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ تَطَوُّعٌ لَمْ يَكْمُلِ الْفَرِيضَةَ، وَأُخِذَ بِطَرَفَيْهِ فَقُذِفَ فِي النَّارِ " وَوَقَفَهُ كَذَلِكَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَحَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ الرَّقَاشِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ وَرَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى مَا يُشْبِهُ خِلَافَ هَذَا.
(a) Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: "On the Day of Resurrection, the first thing a person will be questioned about is the obligatory prayer. If his prayer turns out to be complete, the rest of his reckoning will be taken; and if there is some deficiency in his prayer, it will be said: See whether this person has any voluntary prayers. If he has voluntary prayers, his obligatory prayers will be completed with them; and if he has no voluntary prayers, his obligatory prayers will not be completed, and he will be seized and thrown into Hell."
(b) Yazid al-Raqashi narrated this from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), and it has the same meaning as the narration of Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) about prayer and zakah.
Musa bin Ubaydah, who is da'if (weak), narrated on this subject something that resembles the opposite of this.
(b) Yazid al-Raqashi narrated this from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), and it has the same meaning as the narration of Sayyiduna Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) about prayer and zakah.
Musa bin Ubaydah, who is da'if (weak), narrated on this subject something that resembles the opposite of this.
أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الدَّقَّاقُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ الْبَيَاضِ بِبَغْدَادَ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ الْقُرَشِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ح) وَأنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ ثنا أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ ثنا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ الرَّبَذِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " يَا عَلِيُّ مَثَلُ الَّذِي لَا يُتِمُّ صَلَاتَهُ كَمَثَلِ حُبْلَى حَمَلَتْ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا نِفَاسُهَا أَسْقَطَتْ فَلَا هِيَ ذَاتُ وَلَدٍ وَلَا هِيَ ذَاتُ حَمْلٍ وَمَثَلُ الْمُصَلِّي كَمَثَلِ التَّاجِرِ لَا يَخْلُصُ لَهُ رِبْحُهُ حَتَّى يَخْلُصَ لَهُ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ كَذَلِكَ الْمُصَلِّي لَا تُقْبَلُ نَافِلَتُهُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّي الْفَرِيضَةَ " مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةٍ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ فَرَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ وَأَسْبَاطُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ هَكَذَا وَرَوَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ كَذَلِكَ مَرْفُوعًا وَهُوَ إِنْ صَحَّ كَمَا.
Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Ali, the example of one who does not complete his prayer is like that of a pregnant woman who, when the time of her delivery draws near, miscarries: she is neither the mother of a child nor still pregnant. And the example of the one who prays is like that of a merchant: his profit is not secured for him until his capital is secured for him. Likewise, the voluntary prayers of the one who prays are not accepted until he performs the obligatory ones."
Musa bin Ubaydah is not used as evidence, and there is disagreement over him concerning its chain: Zayd bin al-Hubab and Asbat bin Muhammad narrated it in this way, while Sulayman bin Bilal narrated it from Musa bin Ubaydah, from Salih bin Suwayd, from Ali, likewise as marfu'.
Musa bin Ubaydah is not used as evidence, and there is disagreement over him concerning its chain: Zayd bin al-Hubab and Asbat bin Muhammad narrated it in this way, while Sulayman bin Bilal narrated it from Musa bin Ubaydah, from Salih bin Suwayd, from Ali, likewise as marfu'.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَثَلُ الَّذِي لَا يُتِمُّ صَلَاتَهُ كَمَثَلِ الْحُبْلَى حَمَلَتْ حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَا نِفَاسُهَا أَسْقَطَتْ فَلَا هِيَ ذَاتُ حَمْلٍ وَلَا هِيَ ذَاتُ وَلَدٍ، وَمَثَلُ الْمُصَلِّي كَمَثَلِ التَّاجِرِ لَا يَخْلُصُ لَهُ رِبْحٌ حَتَّى يَخْلُصَ لَهُ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ كَذَلِكَ الْمُصَلِّي لَا تُقْبَلُ لَهُ نَافِلَةٌ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَ الْفَرِيضَةَ فَتَكُونُ صِحَّتُهَا بِصِحَّةِ الْفَرِيضَةِ " وَالْأَخْبَارُ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةُ مَحْمُولَةٌ عَلَى نَافِلَةٍ تَكُونُ خَارِجَ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَلَا يَكُونُ صِحَّتُهَا بِصِحَّةِ الْفَرِيضَةِ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
(a) Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The example of one who does not complete his prayer is like that of a pregnant female who, when the time to give birth draws near, miscarries, so that neither the pregnancy remains nor the child. And the example of the one who prays is also like that of a merchant: his profit is not secured for him until his capital is secured for him. Likewise, the voluntary prayers of the one who prays will not be accepted until he performs the obligatory ones."
(b) If this hadith is authentic, it is to be interpreted as referring to the voluntary acts that are within the obligatory prayer, whose validity is tied to the validity of the obligatory prayer; and the earlier hadiths are to be interpreted as referring to voluntary prayers outside the obligatory ones, whose validity does not depend on the validity of the obligatory prayers. And Allah knows best.
(b) If this hadith is authentic, it is to be interpreted as referring to the voluntary acts that are within the obligatory prayer, whose validity is tied to the validity of the obligatory prayer; and the earlier hadiths are to be interpreted as referring to voluntary prayers outside the obligatory ones, whose validity does not depend on the validity of the obligatory prayers. And Allah knows best.
