السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصلاة
Book of Prayer
باب: الترغيب في التعجيل بالصلوات في أوائل الأوقات
Encouragement to offer the prayers early in their times
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قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ} [الإسراء: 78] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: وَدُلُوكُهَا مَيْلُهَا وَهُوَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَمْرَ وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى} [البقرة: 238] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: الْمُحَافَظَةُ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ تَعْجِيلُهُ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى {أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي} [طه: 14].
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "Establish the prayer at the decline of the sun." [Surah al-Isra: 78]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Its "duluk" means the sun's zawal (declining from its zenith), and this is the saying of Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and the meaning of the saying of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
And Allah Almighty said: "Guard strictly the prayers, and especially the middle prayer." [Surah al-Baqarah: 238]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Guarding something means performing it early."
And Allah Almighty said: "Establish the prayer for My remembrance." [Surah Taha: 14]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Its "duluk" means the sun's zawal (declining from its zenith), and this is the saying of Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) and the meaning of the saying of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both).
And Allah Almighty said: "Guard strictly the prayers, and especially the middle prayer." [Surah al-Baqarah: 238]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Guarding something means performing it early."
And Allah Almighty said: "Establish the prayer for My remembrance." [Surah Taha: 14]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنبأ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ ثنا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيُّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ غَنَّامٍ عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ الدُّنْيَا، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أُمِّ فَرْوَةَ - وَكَانَتْ مِمَّنْ بَايَعَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرَاتِ الْأُوَلِ - أَنَّهَا سَمِعْتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ أَفْضَلِ الْأَعْمَالِ، فَقَالَ: " الصَّلَاةُ لَأَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا " أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي السُّنَنِ.
Al-Qasim bin Ghannam narrates from his grandmother al-Dunya, from her grandmother Umm Farwah (may Allah be pleased with her), who was among those who gave the pledge of allegiance to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and was among the first women emigrants, that she heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when he (peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the best of deeds, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Offering the prayer at the beginning of its time."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ عَوْدًا عَلَى بَدْءٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِمَاكٍ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ الْبَزَّارُ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ثنا مَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْعَيْزَارِ عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَيُّ الْعَمَلِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ: " الصَّلَاةُ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا " قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيْ؟ قَالَ: " الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ " قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيْ؟ قَالَ: " بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ " وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ بُنْدَارٌ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْهُ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ فِي مُخْتَصَرِ الْمُخْتَصَرِ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَفْصٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ ⦗٦٣٨⦘ الْعَيْزَارِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ غُنْدَرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدٍ الْمُكْتِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِثْلِهِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: I asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): Which deeds are best? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Offering the prayer at the beginning of its time." I said: Then which? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Striving (jihad) in the path of Allah." I said: Then which? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Being dutiful to parents."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ حَدَّثَنِي السَّرِيُّ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ ثنا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثنا شُعْبَةُ ثنا سَعْدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ وَقْتِ صَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " كَانَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ بِالْهَاجِرَةِ، وَيُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ حَيَّةٌ، وَيُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ، وَيُصَلِّي الْعِشَاءَ إِذَا كَثُرَ النَّاسُ عَجَّلَ وَإِذَا قَلُّوا أَخَّرَ، وَيُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ بِغَلَسٍ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ.
Muhammad bin Amr said: We asked Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) about the time of the prayer of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray Zuhr at midday, and Asr while the sun was still bright, and he would pray Maghrib when the sun had set; and as for Isha, when the people came early he would pray it early, and when they were few he would delay it; and he would pray the morning prayer in the darkness (before dawn light).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أُسَامَةَ أَنَّ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ بَشِيرَ بْنَ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: " رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ وَرُبَّمَا أَخَّرَهَا حِينَ يَشْتَدُّ الْحَرُّ، وَرَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْخُلْهَا الصُّفْرَةُ فَيَنْصَرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَيَأْتِي ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، وَيُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ تَسْقُطُ الشَّمْسُ، وَيُصَلِّي الْعِشَاءَ حِينَ يَسْوَدُّ الْأُفُقُ وَرُبَّمَا أَخَّرَهَا حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ، وَيُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ بِغَلَسٍ ثُمَّ صَلَّى مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَأَسْفَرَ بِهَا ثُمَّ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِغَلَسٍ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُعِدْ إِلَى أَنْ يُسْفِرَ ".
Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Bashir bin Abi Mas'ud al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrating from his father: "I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) praying Zuhr when the sun had passed its zenith, and sometimes he (peace and blessings be upon him) delayed it when the heat became intense. And I saw him (peace and blessings be upon him) praying Asr while the sun was high and white, before any yellowness entered it, so that a man would finish his prayer and reach Dhu al-Hulayfah before sunset. He would pray Maghrib when the sun had set, and pray Isha when the horizon turned black, and sometimes he delayed it until the people gathered. He would pray the morning prayer in the darkness; then once he prayed it when it had become light; then after that his (peace and blessings be upon him) prayer was in the darkness until he (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not go back to (praying it in) the light."
أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَجَلِيُّ ثنا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ ثنا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: " مَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَاةً لِوَقْتِهَا الْآخِرِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ يَعْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ وَرَوَاهُ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) never prayed a prayer at its last time until Allah Almighty took him (peace and blessings be upon him) in death.
كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ هَانِئٍ ثنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: " مَا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا الْآخِرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَلَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَائِشَةَ.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not pray the prayer at its last time twice, until Allah took him (peace and blessings be upon him) in death.
This report is mursal; Ishaq bin Umar did not meet Aishah.
This report is mursal; Ishaq bin Umar did not meet Aishah.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَسْبَاطٍ وَثنا ابْنُ صَاعِدٍ قَالَا: ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْعُمَرِيِّ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْوَقْتُ الْأَوَّلُ رِضْوَانُ اللهِ، وَالْوَقْتُ الْآخِرُ عَفْوُ اللهِ " وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ أَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ هَكَذَا كَانَ يَقُولُ لَنَا ابْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَالصَّوَابُ مَا حَدَّثَنَاهُ ابْنُ صَاعِدٍ وَابْنُ أَسْبَاطَ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ بَاطِلٌ إِنْ قِيلَ فِيهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ أَوْ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ يُعْرَفُ بِيَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الْمَدَنِيِّ وَيَعْقُوبُ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ ضَعَّفَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَكَذَّبَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَسَائِرُ الْحُفَّاظِ وَنَسَبُوهُ إِلَى الْوَضْعِ نَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الْخُذْلَانِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ بِأَسَانِيدَ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ.
(a) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The first time (of prayer) is the good pleasure of Allah, and the last time is the pardon of Allah." (b) A similar hadith is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). (c) Abu Ahmad (Ibn Adi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This is how Ibn Humayd used to narrate it to us, saying "Ubaydullah" in this chain, and the correct version is what Ibn Sa'id and Ibn Asbat narrated to us; yet this hadith with this chain is batil (false), whether "Abdullah" or "Ubaydullah" is named in it. (d) The Shaykh said: This hadith is known only through Ya'qub bin al-Walid al-Madani. Ya'qub is munkar al-hadith (his narrations are rejected); Yahya bin Ma'in (may Allah have mercy on him) declared him weak, and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) and the rest of the hadith masters declared him a liar and attributed fabrication to him. We seek refuge in Allah from being forsaken. It has also been narrated through other chains, all of which are weak.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو عُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الدَّقَّاقُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا مِنْ أَهْلِ عَبْدَسَ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ مُؤَذِّنُ مَكَّةَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي يَعْنِي أَبَا مَحْذُورَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " أَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللهِ، وَأَوْسَطُ الْوَقْتِ رَحْمَةُ اللهِ، وَآخِرُ الْوَقْتِ عَفْوُ اللهِ " إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا هَذَا هُوَ الْعِجْلِيُّ الضَّرِيرُ يُكْنَى أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ بِالْبَوَاطِيلِ، قَالَهُ لَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظِ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ هُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْذُورَةَ مَشْهُورٌ وَرُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى اللَّفْظِ الْأَوَّلِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ مَرْفُوعًا وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَلَهُ أَصْلٌ فِي قَوْلِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Mahdhurah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The first time (of prayer) is the good pleasure of Allah, the middle time is the mercy of Allah, and the last time is the pardon of Allah." (b) This hadith, with the first wording, is narrated as a saying of the Prophet (marfu') from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), Jarir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), and these reports are not established. Its origin is a saying of Abu Ja'far.
This Ibrahim bin Zakariyya (in its chain) is al-Ijli the blind; he narrated false reports from trustworthy narrators.
This Ibrahim bin Zakariyya (in its chain) is al-Ijli the blind; he narrated false reports from trustworthy narrators.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ ثنا أَبِي عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: " أَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللهِ، وَآخِرُ الْوَقْتِ عَفْوُ اللهِ " هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ، عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Ja'far bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (may Allah have mercy on him) that: "The first time (of prayer) is the good pleasure of Allah, and the last time is the pardon of Allah."
